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William J. DAVIES, Susan E. WARD, Alan WILSON
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期 页码 28-44 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019299
This paper reviews recent developments in crop science that can be the basis of a revolution in the global food system but it is also emphasized that such a revolution requires more than changes in food production and supply. We must more effectively feed a growing global population with a healthy diet while also defining and delivering the kinds of sustainable food systems that will minimise damage to our planet. There are exciting new developments in crop production biology but much existing crop science can be exploited to increase yields with the aid of a knowledge exchange (KE) framework requiring the use of new technology now available to most people across the globe. We discuss novel approaches at both the plant and the crop level that will enhance nutrient and water productivity and we also outline ways in which energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be reduced and labor shortages combatted. Exploitation of new biology and new engineering opportunities will require development of public-private partnerships and collaborations across the disciplines to allow us to move effectively from discovery science to practical application. It is also important that consumers contribute to the debate over proposed changes to food and farming and so effective KE mechanisms are required between all relevant communities.
关键词： food security environmental sustainability crop water use efficiency crop science diet and health
董玉琛
《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第1期 页码 1-5
作物种质资源学科是20世纪发展起来的，瓦维洛夫的世界考察收集及其材料的表型多样性地理分布研究，奠定了作物种质资源学科的基础。自1958年美国建成世界第一座现代化种子库后，至今全世界的种质库已达1300多个，保存种质600×104份（另一文献为2500×104份）。现在的种质库分为长期、中期和短期三种，并在研究液态氮保存。无性繁殖作物采用种质圃或试管苗保存。由于育种工作对种质资源要求日益迫切，以及分子生物技术的发展，使作物种质资源研究进入了以评价鉴定为主的时代。应用分子遗传图谱不仅能鉴定质量性状，而且能发掘数量性状基因。中国原产的作物种质资源得到了较好的收集，1986年建成国家作物种质库(长期库），其中已存人各种作物的种质资源31×104份。并建有西宁复份保存库，22个中期库，30个国家种质圃和2个试管苗库。对保存的材料大多数进行了农艺性状、抗病虫害、抗逆性和品质初步鉴定，并建成了中国作物种质资源信息系统。随着生物技术的加速发展，应用高新技术千方百计在种质资源中发掘新基因将是21世纪作物种质资源学科发展的热点。因此，要妥善保护现有种质资源，不再使任何基因流失；并从国外引进新作物、新基因，以促进农业改制和作物生产的发展；大力从地方品种中，特别是野生种中发掘新基因，促进农业持续发展。
LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 545-558 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020349
Agriculture uses a large proportion of global and regional water resources. Due to the rapid increase of population in the world, the increasing competition for water resources has led to an urgent need in increasing crop water productivity for agricultural sustainability. As the medium for crop growth, soils and their properties are important in affecting crop water productivity. This review examines the effects of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties on crop water productivity and the quantitative relationships between them. A comprehensive view of these relationships may provide important insights for soil and water management in arable land for agriculture in the future.
关键词： crop water productivity crop yield soil chemical properties soil microbial properties soil physical properties water consumption
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 4-18 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021432
Ongoing climate change is expected to have impacts on crops, insect pests, and plant pathogens and poses considerable threats to sustainable food security. Existing reviews have summarized impacts of a changing climate on agriculture, but the majority of these are presented from an ecological point of view, and scant information is available on specific species in agricultural applications. This paper provides an overview of impacts of climate change on two staple crops, wheat and rice. First, the direct effects of climate change on crop growth, yield formation, and geographic distribution of wheat and rice are reviewed. Then, the effects of climate change on pests and pathogens related with wheat and rice, and their interactions with the crops are summarized. Finally, potential management strategies to mitigate the direct impacts of climate change on crops, and the indirect impacts on crops through pests and pathogens are outlined. The present overview aims to aid agriculture practitioners and researchers who are interested in wheat and rice to better understand climate change related impacts on the target species.
INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF CROP PEST MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 19-36 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021411
The importance of food security, especially in combating the problem of acute hunger, has been underscored as a key component of sustainable development. Considering the major challenge of rapidly increasing demands for both food security and safety, the management and control of major pests is urged to secure supplies of major agricultural products. However, owing to global climate change, biological invasion (e.g., fall armyworm), decreasing agricultural biodiversity, and other factors, a wide range of crop pest outbreaks are becoming more frequent and serious, making China, one of the world’s largest country in terms of agricultural production, one of the primary victims of crop yield loss and the largest pesticide consumer in the world. Nevertheless, the use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. This review summarizes the most fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the developmental history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially of cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-related countries.
Uncertain and multi-objective programming models for crop planting structure optimization
Mo LI,Ping GUO,Liudong ZHANG,Chenglong ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期 页码 34-45 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016084
关键词： crop planting structure optimization model uncertainty multi-objective
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 474-480 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021406
European cropping systems are often characterized by short rotations or even monocropping, leading to environmental issues such as soil degradation, water eutrophication, and air pollution including greenhouse gas emissions, that contribute to climate change and biodiversity loss. The use of diversification practices (i.e., intercropping, multiple cropping including cover cropping and rotation extension), may help enhance agrobiodiversity and deliver ecosystem services while developing new value chains. Despite its benefits, crop diversification is hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains (input industries, farms, trading and processing industries, retailers, and consumers) and within sociotechnical systems (policy, research, education, regulation and advisory). Six EU-funded research projects have joined forces to boost crop diversification by creating the European Crop Diversification Cluster (CDC). This Cluster aggregates research, innovation, commercial and citizen-focused partnerships to identify and remove barriers across the agrifood system and thus enables the uptake of diversification measures by all European value-chain stakeholders. The CDC will produce a typology of barriers, develop tools to accompany actors in their transition, harmonize the use of multicriteria assessment indicators, prepare policy recommendations and pave the way for a long-term network on crop diversification.
关键词： crop rotation lock-in intercropping multiple cropping networking
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CROP-LIVESTOCK FARMS IN AFRICA
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
Crop-livestock farms across Africa are highly variable due to in agroecological and socioeconomic factors, the latter shaping the demand and supply of livestock products. Crop-livestock farms in Africa in the 20-first century are very different from most mixed farms elsewhere in the world. African crop-livestock farms are smaller in size, have fewer livestock, lower productivity and less dependency on imported feed than farms in most countries of Europe, the Americas and the intensive agricultural systems of Asia. This paper discusses the role African crop-livestock farms have in the broader socio-agricultural economy, and how these are likely to change adapting to pressures brought on by the intensification of food systems. This intensification implies increasing land productivity (more food per hectare), often leading to more livestock heads per farm, producing fertilized feeds in croplands and importing feed supplements from the market. This discussion includes (1) the links between crop yields, soil fertility and crop-livestock integration, (2) the increasing demand for livestock products and the land resources required to meet to this demand, and (3) the opportunities to integrate broader societal goals into the development of crop-livestock farms. There is ample room for development of crop-livestock farms in Africa, and keeping integration as part of the development will help prevent many of the mistakes and environmental problems related to the intensification of livestock production observed elsewhere in the world. This development can integrate biodiversity, climate change adaptation and mitigation to the current goals of increasing productivity and food security. The inclusion of broader goals could help farmers access the level of finance required to implement changes.
REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
• ICLS combines the benefits of specialization with increased resilience of the system.
• Clear opportunities but also barriers for ICLS were observed.
• ICLS need to be embedded within future environmental legislation.
• ICLS systems with a range of intensities are needed to support a biodiverse landscape.
Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.
Multiple Pollutants from Crop and Livestock Production in the Yangtze River: Status and Challenges
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023511
● Cash crops and livestock production in Yangtze River Basin has grown rapidly.
关键词： Agriculture Green Development crop production livestock production multi-pollutant models multiple pollutants Yangtze River Basin
The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期 页码 179-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015058
关键词： conservation tillage crop yield soil structure development strategies
INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT
Yong HOU, Oene OENEMA, Fusuo ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期 页码 1-14 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021384
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 167-169 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022446
Intensive agriculture, characterized by strong reliance on excessive amount of external agrochemical inputs in simplified cropping systems has contributed successfully to feeding an increasing number of humans, but at the expense of severe resource and environmental costs. Consequently, the Earth is facing multifaceted challenges, including increasing food demand both in quantity and quality, global warming associated with extreme weather events, soil degradation and depletion of natural resources. To address some of these challenges, we have developed this Special Issue on Sustainable Crop and Pasture Systems for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering (FASE). The issue addresses the research frontiers of two main themes: (1) aboveground-belowground ecological and physiological mechanisms, processes and ecosystem functions; and (2) the synergies and trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services in sustainable crop and pasture systems. There are 10 articles in this Special Issue including review and research articles with contributions from Australia, China, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. The contributors are all highly-regarded scientists devoted to studies on mechanisms and applications of sustainable crop and pasture systems.
Sustainable crop and pasture systems have a potential to enhance the synergies in multiple ecosystem services, consisting of higher food production, lower environmental impacts and climate change mitigation. To innovate sustainable cropping systems requires deeper and comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying above- and belowground interactions. Hans Lambers and Wen-Feng Cong emphasized the importance of diversifying crop species or genotypes with complementary or facilitative functional traits. This will mediate key ecosystem processes related to water, carbon and nutrients, contributing to higher resource-use efficiency and enhancing synergies in ecosystem services ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022444). Root functional traits such as root exudates are pivotal in nutrient mobilization, either directly mobilizing plant nutrients in the soil or indirectly so via modifications of the soil microbiome. Cathryn A. O'Sullivan and coworkers reported a novel role of root exudates from canola in inhibiting nitrification in soils. They found that these root exudates (called biological nitrogen (N) inhibitors) can significantly reduce nitrification rates of both Nitrosospira multiformis cultures and native nitrifying communities in soil. This would reduce nitrate losses, but increase plant N uptake and microbial N immobilization, subsequently benefiting the following cereal crops through mineralization of this organic N pool ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021421). Jonathan Storkey and Andrew J. Macdonald used the longest-lasting grassland biodiversity experiment in the world to examine the relationships between plant functional traits and ecosystem services. They reported a strong trade-off between plots with high productivity, N inputs and soil organic carbon and plots with a large number of plant species with contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies. An increasing proportion of forbs with greater longevity and lower leaf dry matter content can partly mitigate the trade-offs between plant diversity and productivity ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021438).
John A. Raven further explored synergies or trade-offs of ecosystem services regulated by above- and belowground interactions, mainly functioning through energy, material and information pathways. Solar energy is the key driver for photosynthesis and transpiration, modulating the flow of water and nutrients in soils moving aboveground and the flow of carbohydrates feeding belowground biota. Information transfer can be through hydraulic, electrical and chemical signaling, regulating plant development, abiotic and biotic damage and resource excess and limitation ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021433).
Timothy S. George and coauthors highlighted the importance of harnessing biodiversity principles and physiological mechanisms in diversified cropping systems to achieve agricultural sustainability. They demonstrate that crop diversification combined with optimized management such as minimum tillage and reduced fertilizer inputs can improve soil quality, promoting soil biotic activities and associated functions. This will reduce the reliance on agrochemical inputs and environmental impacts, and increase climatic resilience ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021437). Ruqiang Zhang and coworkers applied the One Health concept to design healthy dairy farms. They employed a wide range of soil and plant diversity measures such as intercropping, crop rotation and flower strips at both field and landscape scales to reduce the inputs of fertilizers, pesticides as well as soil compaction caused by heavy machines. The biodiversity-based solutions can help dairy farmers maintain a healthy eco-environment, while producing high-quality milk ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022445). Emily C. Cooledge and her colleagues show that introducing multispecies leys with perennial legumes and other forbs into arable rotations will achieve multiple ecosystem benefits. This occurs mainly in three ways—return of livestock manure, permanent soil cover and less disturbance of soil—which promote soil food web interactions and soil aggregate stability, subsequently sequestering more carbon in soils ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021439). Ting Luo and coauthors used the sugarcane cropping system in China as an example and analyzed the current challenges and problems and proposed a wide range of crop, soil and input management practices such as crop rotation, strategic tillage and optimized nutrient management to achieve sustainable sugarcane cropping systems ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022442).
Focusing on the multi-objective assessment of different cropping systems, Léa Kervroëdan and coworkers assessed the agronomic and environmental impacts of food, feed and mixed (food, feed and biogas) cropping systems. They found that mixed cropping systems had a greater potential of bioenergy production and agronomic performance, but also higher greenhouse gas emissions. This warrants long-term examination of whether short-term higher greenhouse gas emissions can be offset by long-term soil carbon sequestration in this system ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021435). Jeroen C. J. Groot and Xiaolin Yang applied a new mathematical approach of evolutionary multi-objective optimization to 30 cropping systems practiced on the North China Plain with the aim of overcoming the trade-offs between revenues, energy and nutrient supply and groundwater depletion at a regional level. This approach allows national or regional policymakers to plan growing area of certain sustainable cropping systems ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021434).
As the Guest Editors, we thank all authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions to this Special Issue on Sustainable Crop and Pasture Systems. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their professional support.
Dr. Wen-Feng Cong, Associate Professor at College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University. He obtained his PhD at Wageningen University in the Netherlands and conducted postdoctoral research at Aarhus University in Denmark. His research focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of crop, genotype and cropping system diversity on soil carbon sequestration and soil phosphorus utilization, and applying the ecological mechanisms to design sustainable diversified cropping systems. He is author of over 30 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Trends in Plant Science, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, and Global Change Biology. He is leading or participating in sustainable cropping systems related projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is acting as a member of the editorial board of Frontiers in Agronomyand Frontiers in Soil Science.
Dr. Hans Lambers, Emeritus Professor at the University of Western Australia and Distinguished Professor at College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University. He obtained his PhD at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands and conducted postdoctoral research in Australia and the Netherlands, before taking up a position of Professor of Plant Ecophysiology at Utrecht University in the Netherlands and then Professor of Plant Biology and Ecology at the University of Western Australia in Australia. His research focuses on understanding plant–soil interactions and plant nutrition, with an emphasis on Australian plants and crop legumes. He is author of over 550 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, including Annual Review of Plant Biology,Trends in Plant Science, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, New Phytologist, Plant and Soil,Global Change Biology, andNature Plants. He is leading or participating in projects on plant nutrition funded by the Australian Research Council. He is the lead author of an influential textbook, Plant Physiological Ecology (1998, 2008, and 2019), Editor in Chief of Plant and Soil(1992–present), and Associate Editor in Chief ofFrontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
• AGD aims for a green environment, sustainable agriculture and clean water.
• Presenting examples of the impact of agriculture on water quality.
• Presenting examples of solutions for sustainable agriculture and improved water quality.
• Integration of livestock and cropping systems is possible on a farm or among farms.
• Providing recommendations for further development of sustainable agriculture.
Crop and livestock production are essential to maintain food security. In China, crop and livestock production were integrated in the past. Today, small backyard systems are still integrated but the larger livestock farms are landless and largely geographically separated from crop production systems. As a result, there is less recycling of animal manures and there are lower nutrient use efficiencies in the Chinese food production systems. This, in turn, results in considerable losses of nutrients, causing water pollution and harmful algal blooms in Chinese lakes, rivers and seas. To turn the tide, there is a need for agricultural “green” development for food production through reintegrating crop and livestock production. An additional wish is to turn the Chinese water systems “blue” to secure clean water for current and future generations. In this paper, current knowledge is summarized to identify promising interventions for reintegrating crop and livestock production toward clean water. Technical, social, economic, policy and environmental interventions are addressed and examples are given. The paper highlights recommended next steps to achieve “green” agriculture and “blue” water in China.
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Can crop science really help us to produce more better-quality food while reducing the world-wide environmental
William J. DAVIES, Susan E. WARD, Alan WILSON
期刊论文
Uncertain and multi-objective programming models for crop planting structure optimization
Mo LI,Ping GUO,Liudong ZHANG,Chenglong ZHANG
期刊论文
ENABLING CROP DIVERSIFICATION TO SUPPORT TRANSITIONS TOWARD MORE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS
期刊论文
Multiple Pollutants from Crop and Livestock Production in the Yangtze River: Status and Challenges
期刊论文
The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
期刊论文
INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT
Yong HOU, Oene OENEMA, Fusuo ZHANG
期刊论文
SUSTAINABLE CROP AND PASTURE SYSTEMS: FROM ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND INTERACTIONS TO ECOSYSTEM MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
期刊论文
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