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LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 432-446 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021403

摘要:

Intercropping increases crop yields by optimizing light interception and/or use efficiency. Although intercropping combinations and metrics have been reported, the effects of plant density on light use are not well documented. Here, we examined the light interception and use efficiency in maize-peanut intercropping with different maize plant densities in two row configurations in semiarid dryland agriculture over a two-year period. The field experiment comprised four cropping systems, i.e. monocropped maize, monocropped peanut, maize-peanut intercropping with two rows of maize and four rows of peanut, intercropping with four rows of maize and four rows of peanut, and three maize plant densities (3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 plants m−1 row) in both monocropped and intercropping maize. The mean total light interception in intercropping across years and densities was 779 MJ·m−2, 5.5% higher than in monocropped peanut (737 MJ·m−2) and 7.6% lower than in monocropped maize (843 MJ·m−2). Increasing maize density increased light interception in monocropped maize but did not affect the total light interception in the intercrops. Across years the LUE of maize was 2.9 g·MJ−1 and was not affected by cropping system but increased with maize plant density. The LUE of peanut was enhanced in intercropping, especially in a wetter year. The yield advantage of maize-peanut intercropping resulted mainly from the LUE of peanut. These results will help to optimize agronomic management and system design and provide evidence for system level light use efficiency in intercropping.

 

关键词: dryland agriculture     light interception     light use efficiency     maize-peanut intercropping     semiarid    

Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets

Qiugang MA, Markus RODEHUTSCORD, Moritz NOVOTNY, Lan LI, Luqing YANG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 380-387 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019276

摘要:

Maize grain is primarily used as an energy source for poultry and other animals. Maize has relatively high phytate-P content and very low intrinsic phytase activity. Given that feed phosphates are produced from finite rock phosphate resources, a reduction in the use of feed phosphates in maize-based diets by increasing the utilization of plant P sources by animals is necessary to make poultry meat and egg production more sustainable. The utilization of P by poultry is affected by two intrinsic characteristics of maize: the concentration of inositol phosphates and the activity of the intrinsic phytase of the grain in the digestive tract. The objective of this review is to present data on the variation that exists in composition of maize relevant for P use and to address factors that influence P utilization in maize-based diets of poultry. Broiler chickens and laying hens have the potential to degrade phytate in the gastrointestinal tract, but this is depressed by high dietary Ca and P concentrations. Published values of phytate degradation in broilers are overall higher than those in laying hens. Differences also exist between broiler chickens and growing turkeys and Pekin ducks. The exogenous supplementation of microbial phytases and the introduction of transgenic high phytase maize in poultry diets are efficient not only for the improvement of phytate-P digestibility, production performance, egg quality and bone mineralization, but also for the reduction of P excreta to control environmental impact.

关键词: broiler     ducks     high phytase maize     laying hens     low phytate maize     phytase     turkeys    

Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination

Xiaoxin YE,Jinnan JIA,Yongqing MA,Yu AN,Shuqi DONG

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 137-146 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016098

摘要: Egyptian broomrape (EB), , is a devastating root parasite, causing enormous crop losses around the world. Maize has the potential to influence the growth of other plants through releasing certain allelochemicals and is able to induce germination of at least three broomrape species. To determine whether maize could be used as a trap crop for EB, 10 maize cultivars were tested for their ability to induce EB germination. The results showed that maize cultivars can induce EB germination, and that germination rates in a cut-root experiment and a hydroponic experiment were consistent. Maize cvs Changcheng 799 and Zhengdan 958 induced the highest EB germination rates, while cvs Luyu 13 and Zhengyu 203 were the least effective. These four maize cultivars were further studied in a pot experiment. Rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil extracts, root extracts and shoot extracts from these cultivars were all able to induce EB germination, with cv. Changcheng 799 inducing the highest germination rates. Root extracts generally induced higher germination rates than shoot extracts. It is suggested that Changcheng 799 could be planted as a trap crop for control of EB.

关键词: allelopathy     Egyptian broomrape     maize     seed germination     trap crop    

Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic

Meng DUAN, Jin XIE, Xiaomin MAO

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 144-161 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019258

摘要:

Based on our previous work modeling crop growth (CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index (LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used , the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China. Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model, the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI (with the coefficient of determination = 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE= 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E = 0.87), the above-ground biomass (with = 0.96, RMSE= 7.17 t·ha and E = 0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer (with = 0.78, RMSE= 49.44 mm and E = 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area, the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water, preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.

关键词: film mulching     growth stage     leaf area index     maize growth     water and heat transfer    

Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 295-310 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015074

摘要: The North China Plain (NCP) is a major grain production area in China, but the current winter wheat-summer maize system has resulted in a large water deficit. This water-shortage necessitates the improvement of crop water productivity in the NCP. A crop water model, AquaCrop, was adopted to investigate yield and water productivity (WP) for rain-fed summer maize on the piedmont of the NCP. The data sets to calibrate and validate the model were obtained from a 3-year (2011–2013) field experiment conducted on the Yanshan piedmont of the NCP. The range of root mean square error (RMSE) between the simulated and measured biomass was 0.67–1.25 t·hm , and that of relative error (RE) was 9.4%–15.4%, the coefficient of determination ( ) ranged from 0.992 to 0.994. The RMSE between the simulated and measured soil water storage at depth of 0–100 cm ranged from 4.09 to 4.39 mm; and RE and in the range of 1.07%–1.20% and 0.880–0.997, respectively. The WP as measured by crop yield per unit evapotranspiration was 2.50–2.66 kg·m . The simulated impact of long-term climate (i.e., 1980–2010) and groundwater depth on crop yield and WP revealed that the higher yield and WP could be obtained in dry years in areas with capillary recharge from groundwater, and much lower values elsewhere. The simulation also suggested that supplementary irrigation in areas without capillary groundwater would not result in groundwater over-tapping since the precipitation can meet the water required by both maize and ecosystem, thus a beneficial outcome for both food and ecosystem security can be assured.

关键词: AquaCrop     summer maize     soil water balance     water productivity    

Analysis of differential expression of genes induced by ethephon in elongating internodes of maize plants

Xiaoyi WEI,Weiqiang ZHANG,Qian ZHANG,Pei SUN,Zhaohu LI,Mingcai ZHANG,Jianmin LI,Liusheng DUAN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第3期   页码 263-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016103

摘要: Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly used in cereal cropping systems to restrict plant height and control lodging. Ethephon has been reported to shorten internodes and increase grain yield of maize. To analyze the transcriptomic profiles of maize internode elongation following ethephon treatment, differentially expressed genes were compared between the treatment and control samples of inbred line Zong 31 using the Affymetrix Maize Genome Array. According to the microarray data, 326 probe sets showed significant change in expression. Further research revealed that the most remarkable effects of ethephon on maize internodes elongation occurred during a 48 h period, when 89 differentially expressed genes were detected. There were dramatic change in transcript levels at 24 h and six Auxin transport genes and four gibberellin biosynthesis pathway genes were differentially expressed in Zong 31 in response to ethephon treatment. In summary, we showed that gaseous ethylene release is involved in internode meristem cell elongation through the regulation of plant hormone signaling in maize. This work provides a platform for studies in which candidate genes will be functionally tested for involvement in internode elongation.

关键词: maize     ethephon     internode elongation     microarray     qPCR    

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 55-64 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016091

摘要: Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index ( ) of maize for seed production with plastic film-mulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant ( ) was significantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity significantly increased stem partitioning index ( ) and leaf partitioning index ( ), and decreased ear partitioning index ( ) at harvest, but lowering N rate (from 500 to 100 kg N·hm ) did not significantly reduce , , and at harvest. was significantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing N rate. Linear relationships were found between , , , at harvest and and evapotranspiration ( ).

关键词: yield components     biomass partitioning     harvest index     irrigation     nitrogen     maize for seed production    

Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources—a

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《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 313-320 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019282

摘要:

Phosphate is supplied to agriculture by mining and fertilizer production, followed by different steps of phosphate utilization, including primary production, feed and food consumption, and conversion of biomass, with accumulation in soils, but little recycling and severe environmental losses. Phosphate is a limited essential nutrient, however, with very uneven distribution worldwide. Closing the cycle and reducing primary phosphate consumption are fundamental future challenges. Maize has a relatively high phosphate requirement. China and Germany together cover the whole range of maize production systems. The new Sino-German international research training group “Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources” (AMAIZE-P) was initiated in 2018 as a joint venture of the China Agricultural University (Beijing, China) and the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Germany). The interdisciplinary and complementary research is driven by the hypothesis that under phosphate limited conditions, high productivity and high phosphate use efficiency can be achieved simultaneously by adapting phosphate cycling and availability (sources) to the multipurpose phosphate demands (sinks) in maize-based food-feed-energy systems. The educational program for doctoral researchers in China and Germany includes joint block seminars, thematic field trips, case studies, methodological courses, doctoral researchers’ conferences, intercultural training sessions and personal training.

关键词: international research training group     limited resources     maize     phosphate    

Long-term simulation of growth stage-based irrigation scheduling in maize under various water constraints

Quanxiao FANG, Liwang MA, Lajpat Rai AHUJA, Thomas James TROUT, Robert Wayne MALONE, Huihui ZHANG, Dongwei GUI, Qiang YU

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 172-184 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017139

摘要: Due to varying crop responses to water stress at different growth stages, scheduling irrigation is a challenge for farmers, especially when water availability varies on a monthly, seasonal and yearly basis. The objective of this study was to optimize irrigation between the vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) phases of maize under different available water levels in Colorado. Long-term (1992–2013) scenarios simulated with the calibrated Root Zone Water Quality Model were designed to meet 40%–100% of crop evapotranspiration (ET) requirements at V and R phases, subject to seasonal water availabilities (300, 400, 500 mm, and no water limit), with and without monthly limits (total of 112 scenarios). The most suitable irrigation between V and R phases of maize was identified as 60/100, 80/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the 300, 400, 500 mm water available, respectively, based on the simulations from 1992 to 2013. When a monthly water limit was imposed, the corresponding suitable irrigation targets between V and R stages were 60/100, 100/100, and 100/100 of crop ET requirement for the above three seasonal water availabilities, respectively. Irrigation targets for producing higher crop yield with reduced risk of poor yield were discussed for projected five-year water availabilities.

关键词: RZWQM     ET-based irrigation schedule     maize     water constrains    

Identification of cadmium-induced genes in maize seedlings by suppression subtractive hybridization

Quanlin DAI, Baifei HUANG, Zhongyi YANG, Jiangang YUAN, Junzhi YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 449-458 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0250-x

摘要: A maize variety, Huatian-1, had an unusually low translocation rate of cadmium (Cd) (59.6 mg·kg in the roots and 0.093 mg·kg in the grain) compared to 24 other varieties while being grown in soils with 16.50 mg·kg Cd. This indicates that this particular species may have special mechanisms that affect the absorption and translocation pattern of Cd. In this paper, the technique of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate and identify Cd-induced genes from Huatian-1 hydroponically ?exposed? to? 0.1 mM ?CdCl ?for? 1 h,? 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. We found a total of 15 differentially expressed genes in the four groups; 2, 3, 4, and 6 genes were from the groups of 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h treatment, respectively. Phospholipase mRNA, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) phosphoribosyl transferase 2, and were turned on in the maize in response to Cd stress, and it might provide new clues to explain the mechanism of maize tolerance to Cd.

关键词: Zea mays L.     cadmium (Cd)     suppression subtractive hybridization    

Comments on “Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate

null

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 443-444 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019288

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090

摘要: Reducing irrigation water use by improving water use efficiency (WUE) in grain production is critical for the development of sustainable agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). This article summarizes the research progresses in WUE improvement carried out at the Luancheng station located in the Northern part of NCP for the past three decades. Progresses in four aspects of yield and WUE improvement are presented, including yield and WUE improvement associated with cultivar selection, irrigation management for improving yield and WUE under limited water supply, managing root system for efficient soil water use and reducing soil evaporation by straw mulch. The results showed that annual average increase of 0.014 kg·m for winter wheat and 0.02 kg·m in WUE were observed for the past three decades, and this increase was largely associated with the improvement in harvest index related to cultivar renewal and an increase in chemical fertilizer use and soil fertility. The results also indicated that deficit irrigation for winter wheat could significantly reduce the irrigation water use, whereas the seasonal yield showed a smaller reduction rate and WUE was significantly improved. Straw mulching of summer maize using the straw from winter wheat could reduce seasonal soil evaporation by 30–40 mm. With new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use. Future strategies to further improve WUE are also discussed.

关键词: harvest index     cultivar selection     deficit irrigation     root water uptake     straw mulching    

Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 161-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016104

摘要: Mulching and soil water content (SWC) have a significant impact on soil erosion, and this study investigated the effect of straw mulching on water infiltration and soil loss under different initial SWC treatments in a rainfall simulation experiment conducted in northern China. Increasing initial SWC can decrease soil infiltration and increase soil loss. During an 80 mm rainfall event (80 mm·h for 60 min), 8%, 12% and 16% initial SWC treatments decreased cumulative infiltration by 8.7%, 42.5% and 58.1%, and increased total sediment yield by 44, 146 and 315 g, respectively, compared to 4% initial SWC. However, in all the straw mulching treatments, there was no significant difference in stable infiltration rate between the different initial SWC treatments. For all initial SWC treatments, straw mulching of 30% or more significantly enhanced water infiltration by over 31% and reduced soil loss by over 49%, compared to the unmulched treatment. Taking into consideration the performance of no-till planters, a maize straw mulching rate of 30% to 60% (1400–3100 kg·hm ) is recommended for the conservation of water and soil in northern China.

关键词: infiltration     initial soil water content     rainfall simulation     soil loss     straw mulching    

低水多变环境下玉米叶片的光合与反射光谱特征

孙莉,苏根强,刘艳梅,赵闫闫,史刚荣

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第3期   页码 70-75

摘要:

采用盆栽试验,以玉米品种苏玉19为试材,在每次复水第7天同时测定不同处理植株的生物量、根冠比、叶绿素荧光、气体交换以及光谱特征等指标。结果表明,持续干旱处理抑制植株生长,增加根冠比,并通过气孔限制和非气孔限制因素抑制光合作用。持续干旱处理幼苗的mSR705、chlNDI和REP均显著小于对照,但对SIPI的影响不显著。多变低水环境下玉米幼苗生长明显受到抑制,但根冠比、叶绿素荧光、气体交换以及光谱特征等指标与正常供水没有差异。可见,生物量分配、光合作用和光谱特征的维持可能是玉米适应多变低水环境的重要生理机制。

关键词: 玉米     多变低水     叶绿素荧光     气体交换     反射光谱    

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

null

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 366-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019278

摘要:

Phosphorus is the second most important macronutrient after nitrogen and it has many vital functions in the life of plants. Most soils have a low available P content, which has become a key limiting factor for increasing crop production. Also, low P use efficiency (PUE) of crops in conjunction with excessive application of P fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental problems. Thus, dissecting the genetic architecture of crop PUE, mining related quantitative trait loci (QTL) and using molecular breeding methods to improve high PUE germplasm are of great significance and serve as an efficient approach for the development of sustainable agriculture. In this review, molecular and phenotypic characteristics of maize inbred lines with high PUE, related QTL and genes as well as low-P responses are summarized. Based on this, a breeding strategy applying genomic selection as the core, and integrating the existing genetic information and molecular breeding techniques is proposed for breeding high PUE maize inbred lines and hybrids.

关键词: maize     phosphorus use efficiency     quantitative trait loci     genetic study     molecular breeding     genomic selection    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

LIGHT INTERCEPTION AND USE EFFICIENCY DIFFER WITH MAIZE PLANT DENSITY IN MAIZE-PEANUT INTERCROPPING

期刊论文

Phytate and phosphorus utilization by broiler chickens and laying hens fed maize-based diets

Qiugang MA, Markus RODEHUTSCORD, Moritz NOVOTNY, Lan LI, Luqing YANG

期刊论文

Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination

Xiaoxin YE,Jinnan JIA,Yongqing MA,Yu AN,Shuqi DONG

期刊论文

Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic

Meng DUAN, Jin XIE, Xiaomin MAO

期刊论文

Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

期刊论文

Analysis of differential expression of genes induced by ethephon in elongating internodes of maize plants

Xiaoyi WEI,Weiqiang ZHANG,Qian ZHANG,Pei SUN,Zhaohu LI,Mingcai ZHANG,Jianmin LI,Liusheng DUAN

期刊论文

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

期刊论文

Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate resources—a

null

期刊论文

Long-term simulation of growth stage-based irrigation scheduling in maize under various water constraints

Quanxiao FANG, Liwang MA, Lajpat Rai AHUJA, Thomas James TROUT, Robert Wayne MALONE, Huihui ZHANG, Dongwei GUI, Qiang YU

期刊论文

Identification of cadmium-induced genes in maize seedlings by suppression subtractive hybridization

Quanlin DAI, Baifei HUANG, Zhongyi YANG, Jiangang YUAN, Junzhi YANG

期刊论文

Comments on “Adaptation of Chinese and German maize-based food-feed-energy systems to limited phosphate

null

期刊论文

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

期刊论文

Effect of mulching with maize straw on water infiltration and soil loss at different initial soil moistures

Yifu ZHANG,Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Qingjie WANG,Ying CHEN,Wanzhi CHEN,Shaochun MA

期刊论文

低水多变环境下玉米叶片的光合与反射光谱特征

孙莉,苏根强,刘艳梅,赵闫闫,史刚荣

期刊论文

Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

null

期刊论文