Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 3

年份

2022 1

2019 2

关键词

光遗传学 1

生物材料 1

生物致动器 1

管状结构 1

组织工程 1

肌肉致动器 1

蠕动泵 1

软机器人 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Prefrontal cortical circuits in anxiety and fear: an overview

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 518-539 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0941-2

摘要： Pathological anxiety is among the most difficult neuropsychiatric diseases to treat pharmacologically, and it represents a major societal problem. Studies have implicated structural changes within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and functional changes in the communication of the PFC with distal brain structures in anxiety disorders. Treatments that affect the activity of the PFC, including cognitive therapies and transcranial magnetic stimulation, reverse anxiety- and fear-associated circuit abnormalities through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. While the subjective experience of a rodent cannot be precisely determined, rodent models hold great promise in dissecting well-conserved circuits. Newly developed genetic and viral tools and optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques have revealed the intricacies of neural circuits underlying anxiety and fear by allowing direct examination of hypotheses drawn from existing psychological concepts. This review focuses on studies that have used these circuit-based approaches to gain a more detailed, more comprehensive, and more integrated view on how the PFC governs anxiety and fear and orchestrates adaptive defensive behaviors to hopefully provide a roadmap for the future development of therapies for pathological anxiety.

关键词： prefrontal cortex anxiety fear neural circuits optogenetics DREADD

HTML PDF 收藏

PET imaging on neurofunctional changes after optogenetic stimulation in a rat model of panic disorder

Xiao He, Chentao Jin, Mindi Ma, Rui Zhou, Shuang Wu, Haoying Huang, Yuting Li, Qiaozhen Chen, Mingrong Zhang, Hong Zhang, Mei Tian

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 602-609 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0704-x

摘要： Panic disorder (PD) is an acute paroxysmal anxiety disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology. The dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) is involved in the genesis of PD. However, the downstream neurofunctional changes of the dPAG during panic attacks have yet to be evaluated . In this study, optogenetic stimulation to the dPAG was performed to induce panic-like behaviors, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with F-flurodeoxyglucose ( F-FDG) was conducted to evaluate neurofunctional changes before and after the optogenetic stimulation. Compared with the baseline, post-optogenetic stimulation PET imaging demonstrated that the glucose metabolism significantly increased ( <0.001) in dPAG, the cuneiform nucleus, the cerebellar lobule, the cingulate cortex, the alveus of the hippocampus, the primary visual cortex, the septohypothalamic nucleus, and the retrosplenial granular cortex but significantly decreased ( <0.001) in the basal ganglia, the frontal cortex, the forceps minor corpus callosum, the primary somatosensory cortex, the primary motor cortex, the secondary visual cortex, and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Taken together, these data indicated that PET imaging can successfully detect downstream neurofunctional changes involved in the panic attacks after optogenetic stimulation to the dPAG.

关键词： panic disorder (PD) positron emission tomography (PET) optogenetics dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG)

HTML PDF 收藏

一种使用光学可控生物致动器的微蠕动泵 Article

Eitaro Yamatsuta, Sze Ping Beh, Kaoru Uesugi, Hidenobu Tsujimura, Keisuke Morishima

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 580-585 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.033

摘要：

蠕动在自然界中广泛存在，这种将营养输送到身体各个部位的泵送活动在消化系统中是重要的。在本文中，我们提出了一种由肌肉驱动的管状微型泵，这种微型泵可以用于蠕动输送。我们利用在骨骼肌细胞膜上表达光敏感通道-2（ChR2）的果蝇幼虫获得具有光响应性的肌肉组织。幼虫在蓝光刺激下强制性地表现出肌肉收缩。在改变传播光刺激的速度的同时，我们观察到收缩的肌肉组织表面出现了位移。我们通过将幼虫解剖成管状结构以获得蠕动泵。解剖得到的管状结构的平均内径约为400 μm，平均外径约为750 μm。可以用相同的蓝光刺激来控制这些管状结构的收缩。为了观察内部流动，我们将微珠放入蠕动泵中，并确认泵可以以120 μm·s^–1的速度输送微珠。

关键词：管状结构生物致动器蠕动泵光遗传学生物材料肌肉致动器组织工程软机器人