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纳米复合肺靶向递送突破Ad5预存免疫屏障 Article

杨益隆, 吴诗坡, 王玉东, 邵方泽, 吕鹏, 李汭桦, 赵晓帆, 张军, 张晓鹏, 李建民, 侯利华, 徐俊杰, 陈薇

《工程（英文）》 2023年第27卷第8期页码 127-139 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.12.007

摘要：

重组5型腺病毒载体（Ad5）已成功用于埃博拉病毒、新型肺炎冠状病毒等新发突发传染病防控，然而针对病毒载体的预存免疫会对疫苗的免疫原性造成一定影响。维持重组Ad5型疫苗的高免疫原性并减少预存免疫效应，已成为该领域的重要研究方向。基于生物相容性纳米颗粒，本研究尝试通过调控Ad5与宿主的相互作用应对上述挑战。制备出的正电人血清白蛋白纳米颗粒[(+)HSAnp]能够与Ad5自组装形成复合物，针对柯萨奇病毒-腺病毒受体（CAR）阳性和阴性细胞均能显著提高靶基因表达量。在小鼠模型中，滴鼻吸入Ad5/(+)HSAnp复合物实现了高效（高达227倍）和长期（长达60天）的肺靶向靶基因表达，且增强效应可通过表面电位和给药剂量进行调控。经纳米复合的5型腺病毒载体埃博拉疫苗和新冠疫苗，在Ad5预存免疫模型中显著增强了体液免疫和黏膜免疫应答。本研究表明通过纳米颗粒调控病毒载体的聚集状态和表面电位，能够用于设计增强型的疫苗和基因治疗载体。

关键词： 5型腺病毒疫苗预存免疫纳米颗粒靶基因表达

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Plant genetic engineering and genetically modified crop breeding: history and current status

Xingchun WANG,Shujun CHANG,Jie LU,Rupert FRAY,Don GRIERSON,Yuanhuai HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 5-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017131

摘要： This review charts the major developments in the genetic manipulation of plant cells that have taken place since the first gene transfer experiments using Ti plasmids in 1983. Tremendous progress has been made in both our scientific understanding and technological capabilities since the first genetically modified (GM) crops were developed with single gene resistances to herbicides, insects, viruses, and the silencing of unde-sirable genes. Despite opposition in some parts of the world, the area planted with first generation GM crops has grown from 1.7 Mhm in 1996 to 179.7 Mhm hectares in 2015. The toolkit available for genetic modification has expanded greatly since 1996 and recently Nobel Laureates have called on Greenpeace to end their blanket opposition, and plant scientists have urged that consideration be given to the benefits of GM crops based on actual evidence. It is now possible to use GM to breed new crop cultivars resistant to a much wider range of pests and diseases, and to produce crops better able to adapt to climate change. The advent of new CRISPR-based technologies makes it possible to contemplate a much wider range of improvements based on transfer of new metabolic pathways and traits to improve nutritional quality, with a much greater degree of precision. Use of GM, sometimes in conjunction with other approaches, offers great opportunities for improving food quality, safety, and security in a changing world.

关键词： plant transformation transgene genetic modification