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Thermodynamic performance experiment and cooling number calculation of a counter-flow spray humidifier in the HAT cycle

WANG Yuzhang, LI Yixing, WENG Shilie, WANG Yonghong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 43-47 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0005-6

摘要： An experimental investigation of the thermodynamic performance of a counter-flow spray humidifier was conducted on the basis of theoretical analysis of the heat and mass transfer mechanism inside the humidifier. Critical parameters such as the temperature and relative humidity of air and the temperature of water at the inlet and outlet were measured. The influence of every measured parameter on the thermal performance of the humidifier was obtained under different experimental conditions. The cooling number, whose variation was also obtained, was calculated according to the measured data. The experimental results show that both the temperature and the temperature increment of outlet humid air and the temperature of outlet water increase with an increase of the water-gas ratio, whereas the cooling number decreases. Under all experimental conditions, the outlet humid air reaches or is close to the saturation level. The lower cooling number is favorable for the system, but it has an optimal value for a certain humidifier.

关键词： temperature increment     counter-flow     experimental investigation     temperature     water-gas    

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Enhanced activity of bimetallic Fe-Cu catalysts supported on ceria toward water gas shift reaction: synergistic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1962-1972 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2359-z

摘要： Within the “hydrogen chain”, the high-temperature water gas shift reaction represents a key step to improve the H2 yield and adjust the H2/COx ratio to fit the constraints of downstream processes. Despite the commercial application of the high-temperature water gas shift, novel catalysts characterized by higher intrinsic activity (especially at low temperatures), good thermal stability, and no chromium content are needed. In this work, we propose bimetallic iron-copper catalysts supported on ceria, characterized by low active phase content (iron oxide + copper oxide < 5 wt %). Fresh and used samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction in hydrogen to relate physicochemical features and catalytic activity. The sample with iron/copper ≈ 1 and 4 wt % active phase content showed the best catalytic properties in terms of turnover frequency, no methane formation, and stability. Its unique properties were due to both strong iron-copper interaction and strong metal-support interaction, leading to outstanding redox behavior.

关键词： water gas shift     iron     copper     bimetallic catalysts     ceria     hydrogen    

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Strategic Thinking on Shallow-water Oil and Gas Exploration in Offshore China

Ke-qiang Wu,Jian-yong Xu,Bo Kang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 349-355 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016056

摘要： The oil and gas exploration in offshore China has made great achievements, and as the important areas of offshore exploration, the shallow waters contribute most of the oil and gas reserves and production. However, the available area for exploration is diminishing and the cost of exploration is rising. The field changes and ever increasing difficulties of exploration bring new challenges technically and economically. Therefore, for effective exploration of shallow-water oil and gas in offshore China, it is necessary to center on the general requirements of becoming a powerful marine country and the ideas of value exploration, initiate key research projects in the fields of China’s offshore stratigraphic-lithologic reserves, Paleogene reserves, buried-hill reserves, high temperature and pressure reserves and hydrocarbon-rich sags, and form geological theories and explorative technologies of large and medium size oil and gas field in offshore China. The measures regarding the challenges include: (1) Innovating theoretical understanding and optimizing new exploration fields, (2) developing technical capabilities and improving the success rate of exploration, and (3) enhancing management level and deepening value exploration.

关键词： offshore China     shallow-water oil and gas exploration     strategic thinking     challenge     countermeasure    

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南海北部深水区油气勘探进展与未来展望

米立军 ,周守为 ,谢玉洪 ,张功成 ,杨海长

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 58-65 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.007

摘要：

加大油气勘探开发力度，减少石油和天然气对外依存度，保障国家能源安全是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题。“十一五”以来，中国海洋石油集团有限公司在南海北部深水领域持续加强基础研究，加快技术创新和加大勘探投入，相继获得一批重大油气勘探发现。本文阐述了五项重大勘探地质理论认识和两项勘探技术创新成果，探讨了深水油气勘探将要面临的挑战和应对策略，展望了南海北部深水区中深层、潜山及岩性圈闭三大领域的勘探前景。研究指出，南海北部陆缘深水区的拆离作用控制了珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地大型凹陷的形成，发育了湖相、海陆过渡相和海相三套规模烃源岩；高‒ 变地温控制凹陷烃源岩快速生烃，建立了琼东南盆地深水区大型轴向峡谷水道油气成藏模式、白云凹陷深水区深水扇天然气晚期成藏模式和深水区“断‒ 脊”联控油气差异聚集成藏模式。同时自主创新研发了立体震源激发和“犁形”缆接收的宽频采集处理技术。在多项地质理论认识和创新技术的指导下，发现以“深海一号”（陵水17-2）等为代表的一批大中型气田，对于保障粤港澳大湾区能源供应、促进海南自贸区（港）能源绿色发展、推动我国油气增储上产具有重要意义。

关键词： 南海北部；深水区；油气勘探；深水天然气    

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Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 718-730 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1771-2

摘要：

For improving wastewater quality, one of the dare of steelworks is reducing cyanide in wastewater of gas washing treatment of blast furnaces. Costs of existing treatments, stringent environmental regulations and changeable composition of water from gas treatment, have led to study how available treatments can be modified and to examine new ones. Ozonation is one of cyanide treatments, tested within a European project. A process model was set up with Aspen Plus®, to assess operating conditions and wastewater distinctive characteristics and to demonstrate treatment robustness. Process was modeled by theoretical reactors, taking into account all more affecting reactions. A genetic algorithm was exploited to find kinetic parameters of these reactions. After validation, the model was used to analyse scenarios, by considering also real contexts. Pilot tests were extended, process knowledge was enhanced and suggestions were obtained. To promote cyanide removal with ozone, temperature and pH values were 30°C and 10, respectively. With an ozone (mg/h)/water (L/h) ratio of 100 mg/L, batch mode ensure reaching cyanide regulation limit (0.2 mg/L) after maximum 4.5 h, if initial amount was less than 20 mg/L. Higher removal was obtained than in continuous mode due to constraints related to this last run. Higher wastewater contamination needed further time and more ozone.

关键词： blast furnace     cyanide removal     gas washing water     modeling and simulation     ozonation    

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Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extractionand gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Wenfeng SUN, Ruibao JIA, Baoyu GAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 66-74 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0257-3

摘要： In this paper, a method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to simultaneously analyze five taste and odor compounds in surface water, i.e., 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IPMP), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IBMP), and -1,10-dimethyl- -9-decalol (geosmin, GSM). The mass spectrometry was operated in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Three kinds of SPE columns and three eluting solvents were compared, the C18 column was chosen as optimum SPE column, and methanol was chosen as the optimum eluting solvent. It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 1–200 ng·L and gave detection limits of 0.5–1.5 ng·L for individual compounds. Good recoveries (93.5%–108%) and relative standard deviations (1.58%–7.31%) were also obtained. Additionally, concentrations of these taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s surface and drinking water were analyzed by applying this method, and the results showed that GSM and 2-MIB were the dominant taste and odor compounds in Jinan’s raw water.

关键词： solid-phase extraction (SPE)     gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)     taste and odor compounds     surface water     micropollutant    

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Determination of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water using automated online solid-phaseextraction with large-volume injection/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Yongtao LI, Christina L. MCCARTY, Ed J. GEORGE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 417-425 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0310-x

摘要： A rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical method was developed for the analysis of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water. The method used an automated online solid-phase extraction technique coupled with programmed-temperature vaporization large-volume injection gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The water samples were extracted by using a fully automated mobile rack system based on x-y-z robotic techniques using syringes and disposable 96-well extraction plates. The method was validated for the analysis of 30 semi-volatile analytes in drinking water, groundwater, and surface water. For a sample volume of 10 mL, the linear calibrations ranged from 0.01 or 0.05 to 2.5μg·L , and the method detection limits were less than 0.1μg·L . For the reagent water samples fortified at 1.0μg·L and 2.0?μg·L , the obtained mean absolute recoveries were 70%–130% with relative standard deviations of less than 20% for most analytes. For the drinking water, groundwater, and surface water samples fortified at 1.0μg·L , the obtained mean absolute recoveries were 50%–130% with relative standard deviations of less than 20% for most analytes. The new method demonstrated three advantages: 1) no manipulation except the fortification of surrogate standards prior to extraction; 2) significant cost reduction associated with sample collection, shipping, storage, and preparation; and 3) reduced exposure to hazardous solvents and other chemicals. As a result, this new automated method can be used as an effective approach for screening and/or compliance monitoring of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water.

关键词： automated solid-phase extraction     programmed-temperature vaporization     large-volume injection     gas chromatography/mass spectrometry     semi-volatile organic compounds     water analysis    

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Catalytic performance of Co-Mo-Ce-K/γ-Al

Yuqiong ZHAO, Yongfa ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 457-460 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0524-7

摘要： The catalytic performance of Co-Mo-Ce-K/γ-Al O catalyst for the shift reaction of CO in coke oven gas is investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The results indicate that Ce and K have a synergistic effect on promoting the catalytic activity, and the Co-Mo-Ce-K/γ-Al O catalyst with 3.0 wt-% CeO and 6.0 wt-% K O exhibits the highest activity. CeO favors Co dispersion and mainly produces an electronic effect. TPR characterization results indicate that the addition of CeO -K O in the Co-Mo-Ce-K/γ-Al O catalyst decreases the reduction temperature of active components, and part of octahedrally coordinated Mo transforms into tetrahedrally coordinated Mo , which has a close relationship with the catalytic activity.

关键词： coke oven gas     water gas shift reaction     sulfur-tolerant catalyst     cerium dioxide    

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世界油气上游国际合作的形势和机会

童晓光

《中国工程科学》 2011年 第13卷 第4期   页码 15-19

摘要：

指出中国利用国外油气的必要性，重点分析了伊拉克、伊朗、巴西、加拿大、委内瑞拉和北美油气上游合作的机会及世界油气国际合作的合同变化趋势，提出了当前扩大油气上游国际合作的主要方向。

关键词： 油气上游国际合作     伊拉克     深水油气勘探     重油和油砂     非常规天然气    

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凝析气藏的经济开采模式

刘廷元

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第3期   页码 85-91

摘要：

液态凝析油是凝析气藏的重要产品，它的开采应该是有效而经济的。介绍了国外近20 a来在凝析气藏开采技术领域的各种经济模式，包括回注φd=75%干气、自流回注、注N2、注水、水气交替注和注CO2等开采模式。研究结果表明，这些开采模式同传统的降压开采方法相比，能够有效地适应地面-地下的各种复杂情况。

关键词： 凝析气藏     开采模式     注气     注氮     注水     注二氧化碳     经济    

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Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled withgas chromatography—positive chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 477-481 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0820-z

摘要： A rapid, inexpensive and laboratory friendly method was developed for analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in fresh and salt water using gas chromatography with chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Off-flavor/odor compounds included geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine (IBMP), and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP). Using this method, a single sample can be extracted within minutes using only 1 mL of organic solvent. The ion transitions for IPMP, IBMP, MIB, and geosmin were 153>121, 167>125, 152>95, and 165>109, respectively. The linearity of this method for analyzing MIB ranged from 4 to 200 ng·L , and from 0.8 to 200 ng·L for the other analytes. Method recoveries ranged from 97% to 111% and percent relative standard deviations ranged from 3% to 9%, indicating that the method is accurate, precise, and reliable.

关键词： off-flavor/odor compounds     liquid-liquid microextraction     gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry    

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Effect of adjusted mesoscale drag model on flue gas desulfurization in powder-particle spouted beds

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 909-920 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2100-8

摘要： An energy minimum multiscale model was adjusted to simulate the mesoscale structure of the flue gas desulfurization process in a powder-particle spouted bed and verified experimentally. The obtained results revealed that the spout morphology simulated by the adjusted mesoscale drag model was unstable and discontinuous bubbling spout unlike the stable continuous spout obtained using the Gidaspow model. In addition, more thorough gas radial mixing was achieved using the adjusted mesoscale drag model. The mass fraction of water in the gas mixture at the outlet determined by the heterogeneous drag model was 1.5 times higher than that obtained by the homogeneous drag model during the simulation of water vaporization. For the desulfurization reaction, the experimental desulfurization efficiency was 75.03%, while the desulfurization efficiencies obtained by the Gidaspow and adjusted mesoscale drag models were 47.63% and 75.08%, respectively, indicating much higher accuracy of the latter technique.

关键词： adjusted mesoscale drag model     particle image velocimetry     water vaporization     desulfurization reaction     numerical simulation    

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西部地区油气资源开发与水资源协同发展模式探索

朱永楠,苏健,王建华,李国欣,刘合,何国华,姜珊,张国生,马建国

《中国工程科学》 2021年 第23卷 第3期   页码 129-134 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.022

摘要：

西部地区是我国油气增储上产的重要区域，也是我国最干旱、最缺水的地区，能源– 水资源之间存在复杂的纽带关系，加强能源– 水资源领域的协同管理至关重要。本文在宏观研判我国西部地区油气生产前景和布局的基础上，以中国石油位于西部地区的7 家油气田企业为例，调研不同类型油气田开发模式与用水现状，分析油气田开发过程中的水资源、水环境保障风险。研究表明，近年来西部地区油气产量稳步增加，随着污水回收处理和循环利用效率的不断提升，油气田新鲜水用量变化不大。但考虑到非常规油气资源的逐步开发，未来西部地区油气开发很可能对区域地表和地下水系统带来诸多影响。建议发展精准注水和无水压裂技术实现稳油控水，加大油气田生产水的循环利用和科学用水管理，完善水资源综合配置保障体系，在提升能源产业用水安全保证程度的同时全方位降低油气开发对水系统的影响，以实现西部地区能源与水资源协同安全。

关键词： 西部地区，油气资源开采，水资源，能源与水，协同发展    

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Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 155-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017148

摘要： Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from . Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE ) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, g , Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE . However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect g , Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

关键词： antitranspirant     soybean     water deficit     leaf gas exchange     enzymes activities     water consumption     seed yield    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Thermodynamic performance experiment and cooling number calculation of a counter-flow spray humidifier in the HAT cycle

WANG Yuzhang, LI Yixing, WENG Shilie, WANG Yonghong

期刊论文

Enhanced activity of bimetallic Fe-Cu catalysts supported on ceria toward water gas shift reaction: synergistic

期刊论文

Strategic Thinking on Shallow-water Oil and Gas Exploration in Offshore China

Ke-qiang Wu,Jian-yong Xu,Bo Kang

期刊论文

南海北部深水区油气勘探进展与未来展望

米立军 ,周守为 ,谢玉洪 ,张功成 ,杨海长

期刊论文

Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

期刊论文

Simultaneous analysis of five taste and odor compounds in surface water using solid-phase extractionand gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Wenfeng SUN, Ruibao JIA, Baoyu GAO

期刊论文

Determination of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water using automated online solid-phaseextraction with large-volume injection/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Yongtao LI, Christina L. MCCARTY, Ed J. GEORGE

期刊论文

Catalytic performance of Co-Mo-Ce-K/γ-Al

Yuqiong ZHAO, Yongfa ZHANG

期刊论文

世界油气上游国际合作的形势和机会

童晓光

期刊论文

凝析气藏的经济开采模式

刘廷元

期刊论文

Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled withgas chromatography—positive chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Jian LU,Paul S. WILLS,P. CHRIS WILSON

期刊论文

Effect of adjusted mesoscale drag model on flue gas desulfurization in powder-particle spouted beds

期刊论文

Management innovation and construction integration technology in Brazil’s superlarge deep-water offshoreoil and gas unit project (FPSO P67/P70)

期刊论文

西部地区油气资源开发与水资源协同发展模式探索

朱永楠,苏健,王建华,李国欣,刘合,何国华,姜珊,张国生,马建国

期刊论文

Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under different

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

期刊论文