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Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”

Yang Liu,Martina G. Vijver,Bo Pan,Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0916-8

Abstract: · No preference is set between CA and IA models to assess toxicity of metal mixtures. · Increased model complexity does not, by itself, lead to improved performance. · Not all significant deviations have biological meaning due to poor reproducibility. · Interactions are suggested to incorporate when they are significant and repeated. Observed effects of metal mixtures on animals and plants often differ from the estimates, which are commonly calculated by adding up the biological responses of individual metals. This difference from additivity is commonly referred to as being a consequence of specific interactions between metals. The science of how to quantify metal interactions and whether to include them in risk assessment models is in its infancy. This review summarizes the existing predictive tools for evaluating the combined toxicity of metals present in mixtures and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We intend to provide eco-toxicologists with background information on how to make good use of the tools and how to advance the methods for assessing toxicity of metal mixtures. It is concluded that statistically significant deviations from additivity are not necessarily biologically relevant. Incorporation of interactions between metals in a model does not on forehand mean that the model is more accurate than a model developed based on additivity only. It is recommended to first use a relatively simple method for effect prediction of uninvestigated metal mixtures. To improve the reliability of toxicity modeling for metal mixtures, further efforts should focus on balancing the relationship between the significance of statistics and the biological meaning, and unraveling the toxicity mechanisms of metals and their mixtures.

Keywords： Metal     Mixtures     Toxicity     Additivity     Modeling     Interactions    

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Scientific significance of ancient maps of Yellow River and Grand Canal for water conservancy in China

Xiaocong LI,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 445-454 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0063-9

Abstract: It is pointed out that the ancient maps not only record the spatial information of the established water

Keywords： information     management     established     appreciation     practical    

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The Significant Strategic Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Should be Established

Jia Qian,Chen Yongjie,Chen Guangman,Yang Juping,Ying Guangrong

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 7,   Pages 4-13

Abstract: Therefore, only when the sanitation and healthcare system is established can the health of 1.3 billion

Keywords： traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)     TCM policy and statute guarantee     TCM qualified personnel     projects of TCM in rural areas     TCM administrative system    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”

Yang Liu,Martina G. Vijver,Bo Pan,Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg

Journal Article

Scientific significance of ancient maps of Yellow River and Grand Canal for water conservancy in China

Xiaocong LI,

Journal Article

The Significant Strategic Status of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Should be Established

Jia Qian,Chen Yongjie,Chen Guangman,Yang Juping,Ying Guangrong

Journal Article