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Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening: opportunities and challenges

Hongbing Shen

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1,   Pages 116-121 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0600-1

Abstract:

Lung cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females. Screening for lung cancer coupled with earlier intervention has long been studied as an approach to mortality reduction. However, minimal progress was achieved until recently, when low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) screening demonstrated a 20% reduction in mortality from lung cancer in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the National Lung Screening Trial, from the United States. On the basis of this finding, LDCT has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations by several clinical guidelines. However, results from the following independent RCTs in Europe failed to show consistent conclusions. In addition, intractable problems gradually emerged with the progress of LDCT screening. This paper summarizes and discusses the main observations and challenges of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Before spreading implementation of LDCT screening, challenges, including high false-positive rates, overdiagnosis, enormous costs, and radiation risk, must be addressed. Complementary biomarkers and technical improvement are expected in the field of lung cancer screening in the near future.

Keywords： lung cancer     low-dose computerized tomography     early detection     opportunities     challenges    

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Energy internet in the Yangtze River Delta: opportunities, challenges, and suggestions

Zheng YAN, Jiayi HU

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 484-492 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0600-0

Abstract: In this review, the opportunities and the challenges posed to developing energy internet in the Yangtze

Keywords： energy internet     opportunities     challenges     suggestions     the Yangtze River Delta    

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New Challenges, New Opportunities and New Measures for Oil and Gas Cooperation in the Belt and Road

Yu-pu Wang,He Liu

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2016, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 301-313 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016055

Abstract: Deeply studied opportunities and challenges of oil and gas cooperation have far-reaching significancesupply security, investment environment, regional win-win situation in oil and gas cooperation, new opportunities

Keywords： the Belt and Road     oil & gas cooperation     new challenges     new opportunities     new measures    

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Biogas and its opportunities—A review

Panagiotis G. Kougias, Irini Angelidaki

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1037-8

Abstract: sector from the early years of its development till its recent advancements gives an outlook of the opportunities

Keywords： Anaerobic digestion     Biogas     Biowastes     Solid waste     Manure     Industrial waste    

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Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 12, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1596-6

Abstract:

● Health hazards of plastic waste on environment are discussed.

Keywords： Plastic-waste     Polymers     Health-hazards     Biodegradation     Microorganisms     Enzymes    

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Translating evidence into policy in China: opportunities and challenges

Jiyao Wang, Xuejuan Jin

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 315-320 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0146-6

Abstract: It also discusses the opportunities and challenges for certain evidence to be considered in policy making

Keywords： clinical epidemiology     evidence-based decision making     policy    

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Smart systems engineering contributing to an intelligent carbon-neutral future: opportunities, challenges

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 1023-1029 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2142-6

Abstract: A detailed discussion is provided herein on opportunities, challenges, and future directions of SSE in

Keywords： machine learning     modeling     material     industrial applications     environment    

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Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

Frontiers in Energy 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 9-18 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0818-8

Abstract: The structure of a power energy system is becoming more distributed than before. It becomes challenging to manage such a system in a centralized way, because a central authority may not exist or may not be trusted by all parties. Blockchain is a promising tool to address this challenge, by enabling trusted collaboration in the absence of a trusted central authority. Its use in the energy sector has been pioneered by several pilot projects. However, to date the energy sector has not seen large-scale deployment of blockchain, partly because the founders of those pilot projects, the public, and utilities have not reached consensus on the values and limitations of blockchain in energy. This perspective aims to bridge this gap. First, the philosophy and unique values of blockchain are discussed. Second, some promising blockchain-based applications in energy systems are presented. Third, some common misunderstandings of blockchain in energy are discussed. Last, some frequently-asked questions from utilities are discussed. Hopefully this perspective can help advance large-scale deployment of blockchain in energy systems.

Keywords： blockchain     immutability     energy trading     energy management     data synchronization    

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Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

Martin BLACKWELL, Tegan DARCH, Richard HASLAM

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 332-340 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019274

Abstract: Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorusClear opportunities exist, and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus

Keywords： organic phosphorus     phosphorus fertilizer     phosphorus use efficiency     rock phosphate    

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BIOINSECTICIDES AS FUTURE MAINSTREAM PEST CONTROL AGENTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 82-97 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021404

Abstract:

Bioinsecticides are naturally-occurring substances from different sources that control insect pests. Ideal bioinsecticides should have low toxicity to non-target organisms. They should also be easily degraded in sewage treatment works and natural environments, highly effective in small quantities and affect target pests only. Public concerns about possible side-effects of synthetic pesticides have accelerated bioinsecticide research and development. However, to develop bioinsecticides into mainstream products, their high production costs, short shelf-life and often uncertain modes of action need to be considered. This review summarizes current progress on bioinsecticides which are categorized as biochemical insecticides and their derivatives, plant-incorporated protectants, and microbial bioinsecticides. The current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used are discussed and future research directions are proposed.

 

Keywords： biochemical insecticide / bioinsecticide / microbial bioinsecticides / plant-incorporated protectant / RNA insecticide    

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Practices, challenges, and opportunities: HIV/AIDS treatment with traditional Chinese medicine in China

Jian Wang, Wen Zou

Frontiers of Medicine 2011, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 123-126 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0124-z

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become widely used in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in China in recent years. In this article, we summarize the recent major developments in human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS (HIV/AIDS) treatment with TCM. The use of TCM is associated with preventing or alleviating HIV-related symptoms, reducing treatment side effects, and improving the quality of life. The potential beneficial effects of TCM should be confirmed through extensive and rigorous trials.

Keywords： HIV/AIDS     traditional Chinese medicine    

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Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

Frontiers of Medicine 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6,   Pages 816-819 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4

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Cleaning the energy sources for water heating among Nanjing households: barriers and opportunities for

Lingyun ZHU,Beibei LIU,Jun BI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 5,   Pages 757-766 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0603-3

Abstract: Based on these, barriers and opportunities are discussed for transitions toward cleaner water heating

Keywords： residential energy demand     water heating     multinomial logit model    

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Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in district heating source in

Gaofeng CHEN, Xuejing ZHENG, Lin CONG

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 285-295 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0197-7

Abstract: Building a trading market can promote energy conservation provided that the trading method is determined. Energy consumption for heat supply is huge. Tianjin Municipal Government is planning to establish an energy efficiency trading platform for district heating taking into consideration the experience in carbon trading market and specific situation in Tianjin. This paper presented an in-depth analysis of the district heating industry in Tianjin municipality, and identified the potentials of energy saving and carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Since energy efficiency was closely related to different heating source technologies, baselines were determined for boiler plants and thermal power plants respectively. Three scenarios were discussed for baseline determination. 472 boiler plants were surveyed and operational data relating to energy consumption were collected. Through data analysis, 27 boiler plants which have reasonable recorded energy consumption values were chosen as samples. By analyzing the dataset and referring to the related standards, method of determining the baseline for district heating carbon market was established. Finxally, the baseline for boiler plant was determined to be 52.0 kgce/GJ, and that for thermal power plant was 43.0 kgce/GJ in 2011. Carbon abatement against the baselines above was calculated and considerable carbon dioxide emissions reduction could be achieved.

Keywords： district heating     energy efficiency     baseline     carbon abatement    

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Photothermal-Management Agricultural Films toward Industrial Planting: Opportunities and Challenges

Song Zhang,Zhang Chen,Chuanxiang Cao,Yuanyuan Cui,Yanfeng Gao,

Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.016

Abstract: As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories, agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments. Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum. However, this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements. Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency. This review provides insight into the photothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements, including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering, simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and environmental conditions in a greenhouse, and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films. Finally, future challenges and directions for photothermal-management agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.

Keywords： Greenhouse     Photothermal management     Passive radiative cooling     Light scattering    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening: opportunities and challenges

Hongbing Shen

Journal Article

Energy internet in the Yangtze River Delta: opportunities, challenges, and suggestions

Zheng YAN, Jiayi HU

Journal Article

New Challenges, New Opportunities and New Measures for Oil and Gas Cooperation in the Belt and Road

Yu-pu Wang,He Liu

Journal Article

Biogas and its opportunities—A review

Panagiotis G. Kougias, Irini Angelidaki

Journal Article

Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

Journal Article

Translating evidence into policy in China: opportunities and challenges

Jiyao Wang, Xuejuan Jin

Journal Article

Smart systems engineering contributing to an intelligent carbon-neutral future: opportunities, challenges

Journal Article

Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

Journal Article

Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers: future opportunities for improvements

Martin BLACKWELL, Tegan DARCH, Richard HASLAM

Journal Article

BIOINSECTICIDES AS FUTURE MAINSTREAM PEST CONTROL AGENTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Journal Article

Practices, challenges, and opportunities: HIV/AIDS treatment with traditional Chinese medicine in China

Jian Wang, Wen Zou

Journal Article

Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges

Tangchun Wu

Journal Article

Cleaning the energy sources for water heating among Nanjing households: barriers and opportunities for

Lingyun ZHU,Beibei LIU,Jun BI

Journal Article

Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in district heating source in

Gaofeng CHEN, Xuejing ZHENG, Lin CONG

Journal Article

Photothermal-Management Agricultural Films toward Industrial Planting: Opportunities and Challenges

Song Zhang,Zhang Chen,Chuanxiang Cao,Yuanyuan Cui,Yanfeng Gao,

Journal Article