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Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation

Harald SCHWARZ, Xiaoshu CAI

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 107-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0470-x

Abstract: clearly stated that generation always has to follow the demand—simply due to the limited availability of storages

Keywords： grid integration renewable energies system stability storages flexible loads new market design

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Possible role of power-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid as storages and flexible loads in the German 110

Erik BLASIUS

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 146-154 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0475-5

Abstract: The sectoral coupling of road traffic (in form of E-Mobility) and electrical energy supply (known as power-to-vehicle (P2V), vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is discussed as one of the possible development concepts for the flexible system integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the support of the objectives of the German energy transition (aka. Energiewende). It is obvious that E-mobility, which shall produce as few emissions as possible, should be based on the exclusive use of renewable energies. At the same time, the E-mobility can help to reduce the negative effects of the grid integration of RES to the distribution grids. However, this assumes that the electric vehicles are smart integrated to the grids where they charge, meaning that they must be able to communicate and be controllable. Because per se unplanned and uncontrollable charging processes are harmful for the grid operation, especially if they occur frequently and unexpected in similar time periods, the effects can hardly be controlled and can lead to serious technical problems in practical grid operation. This paper provides an insight into the current development of E-mobility in Germany. The insight will be matched with the German development of the RES. By the combination of both sectors, the possible role of the E-mobility for the distribution grid will be depicted, which can have positive and negative aspects.

Keywords： P2V V2G grid integration electric vehicles distribution grid

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The mixed energy storages & the retainable development of various energies

Cao Chusheng,Zhang Conglin

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 4-7

Abstract:

Now the exploitation of waterpower is limited by its water and hydropower resources. The power net will be short in peak and surplus in valley. Supplementing pump storage plant into the ordinary hydropower, the surplus valley power can be changed into the precious peak power. By this kind of expectation the surplus power may be renewable and is favorable to the sustainable development. As the storage measures included, the hydropower is favorable to the sustainable development of the various energies, including nuclear & wind etc renewable energy. Hydropower is an important supplement to the environment. We have to pay great attention to the risk analysis, risk design and risk management. The difficult problems are discussed.

Keywords： mixed energy storages renewable energy energy saving & emission reduction sustainable development