2022-01-31 , Volume 8 Issue 1

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    The sixth generation (6G) mobile networks are envisioned to reshape the world by offering intelligent hyper-connectivity between physical and digital worlds. The genie, as a super intelligent agent for physical communication objects, is proposed as a new type of communication object in 6G in addition to human, machine, and thing. The genie speeds up the transition from syntactic to semantic information interactions among different communication objects. Bit is the basic organization unit of syntactic information. Similarly, we propose a new semantic base (Seb) framework to organize semantic information in a structured, concise, and flexible way. Seb provides a modularized and highly-abstractive representation model, and is the primitive basis of the superiority that semantic communications are more concise and efficient than syntactic communications. Moreover, a semantic communication network architecture based on Seb is also developed to promote the evolution towards wisdom-evolutionary and primitive-concise 6G around the world.

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    Editorial
  • Editorial for the Special Issue on 6G Requirements, Visions, and Enabling Technologies
    [Author(id=1166090979473285629, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090979611697663, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, authorId=1166090979473285629, language=EN, stringName=Ping Zhang, firstName=Ping, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090979716555264, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, authorId=1166090979473285629, language=CN, stringName=张平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090979825607170, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090980878377476, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, authorId=1166090979825607170, language=EN, stringName=Xuemin Sherman Shen, firstName=Xuemin, middleName=null, lastName=Sherman Shen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090981000012293, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, authorId=1166090979825607170, language=CN, stringName=沈学民, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090981100675591, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090981234893321, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, authorId=1166090981100675591, language=EN, stringName=Jianhua Zhang, firstName=Jianhua, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090981335556618, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868544378790760, authorId=1166090981100675591, language=CN, stringName=张建华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Ping Zhang , Xuemin Sherman Shen , Jianhua Zhang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • News & Highlights
  • Direct Air Carbon Capture Takes Baby Steps—Giant Strides Are Needed
    [Author(id=1166091006786593430, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868222260437472, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166091006908228248, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868222260437472, authorId=1166091006786593430, language=EN, stringName=Sean O'Neill, firstName=Sean, middleName=null, lastName=O'Neill, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Technology Writer, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166091006996308633, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868222260437472, authorId=1166091006786593430, language=CN, stringName=Sean O'Neill, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Technology Writer, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Sean O'Neill

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Start-ups Seek to Accelerate Path to Nuclear Fusion
    [Author(id=1166091010452415163, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868223938159073, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166091010607604413, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868223938159073, authorId=1166091010452415163, language=EN, stringName=Mitch Leslie, firstName=Mitch, middleName=null, lastName=Leslie, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Technology Writer, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166091010729239230, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868223938159073, authorId=1166091010452415163, language=CN, stringName=Mitch Leslie, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Technology Writer, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Mitch Leslie

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • The Drive for Electric Motor Innovation
    [Author(id=1166091013283570396, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868229394948581, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166091013392622303, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868229394948581, authorId=1166091013283570396, language=EN, stringName=Chris Palmer, firstName=Chris, middleName=null, lastName=Palmer, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Technology Writer, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166091013480702689, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868229394948581, authorId=1166091013283570396, language=CN, stringName=Chris Palmer, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Senior Technology Writer, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Chris Palmer

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Views & Comments
  • 6G: Ubiquitous Extending to the Vast Underwater World of Oceans
    [Author(id=1166089662558299084, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166089662692516816, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, authorId=1166089662558299084, language=EN, stringName=Yuanliang Ma, firstName=Yuanliang, middleName=null, lastName=Ma, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166089662797374417, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, authorId=1166089662558299084, language=CN, stringName=马远良, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166089662898037715, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166089663032255445, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, authorId=1166089662898037715, language=EN, stringName=Qunfei Zhang, firstName=Qunfei, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166089663137113047, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, authorId=1166089662898037715, language=CN, stringName=张群飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166089663233582041, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166089663367799772, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, authorId=1166089663233582041, language=EN, stringName=Honglei Wang, firstName=Honglei, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166089663476851678, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866673987641518, authorId=1166089663233582041, language=CN, stringName=王宏磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Yuanliang Ma , Qunfei Zhang , Honglei Wang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Industrial Wireless Control Networks: From WIA to Future
    [Author(id=1166090681149219006, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867673733554741, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090681375711429, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867673733554741, authorId=1166090681149219006, language=EN, stringName=Haibin Yu, firstName=Haibin, middleName=null, lastName=Yu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, *, address=a State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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    b Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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    b Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
    c Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090681807724753, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867673733554741, authorId=1166090681551872202, language=CN, stringName=曾鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, *, address=a State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
    b Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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    b Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
    c Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090682218766553, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867673733554741, authorId=1166090681891610835, language=CN, stringName=许驰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, c, *, address=a State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
    b Key Laboratory of Networked Control Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
    c Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Haibin Yu , Peng Zeng , Chi Xu

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Hazardous Waste Management in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
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    c Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090464798630709, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090464928654135, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, authorId=1166090464798630709, language=EN, stringName=Tiancheng Gong, firstName=Tiancheng, middleName=null, lastName=Gong, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090465025123128, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, authorId=1166090464798630709, language=CN, stringName=龚天成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090465125786426, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090465251615548, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, authorId=1166090465125786426, language=EN, stringName=Qifei Huang, firstName=Qifei, middleName=null, lastName=Huang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090465343890237, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, authorId=1166090465125786426, language=CN, stringName=黄启飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090465440359231, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090465570382657, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, authorId=1166090465440359231, language=EN, stringName=Li'an Hou, firstName=Li'an, middleName=null, lastName=Hou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi'an 710025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090465671045954, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867647221359145, authorId=1166090465440359231, language=CN, stringName=侯立安, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi'an 710025, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Beidou Xi , Tianxue Yang , Rui Zhao , Linyun Jing , Tiancheng Gong , Qifei Huang , Li'an Hou

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Construction of an Artificial Intelligence Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Model Based on Syndrome Elements and Small-Sample Data
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journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159865724900533039, authorId=1166088773235827016, language=EN, stringName=Hengwen Chen, firstName=Hengwen, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166088773495873867, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159865724900533039, authorId=1166088773235827016, language=CN, stringName=陈恒文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Jie Wang , Lian Duan , Hongzheng Li , Jinlei Liu , Hengwen Chen

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Research
  • Review
    Federated Learning for 6G: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities
    [Author(id=1166090897017463766, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090897143292888, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090897017463766, language=EN, stringName=Zhaohui Yang, firstName=Zhaohui, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090897239761881, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090897017463766, language=CN, stringName=杨照辉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090897336230875, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090897462059997, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090897336230875, language=EN, stringName=Mingzhe Chen, firstName=Mingzhe, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090897554334686, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090897336230875, language=CN, stringName=陈明哲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090897650803680, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090897776632802, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090897650803680, language=EN, stringName=Kai-Kit Wong, firstName=Kai-Kit, middleName=null, lastName=Wong, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090897868907491, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090897650803680, language=CN, stringName=黃繼傑, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090897965376485, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090898099594215, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090897965376485, language=EN, stringName=H. 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Vincent Poor, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090898292532202, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090898456110061, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090898292532202, language=EN, stringName=Shuguang Cui, firstName=Shuguang, middleName=null, lastName=Cui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, d, address=c Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
    d School of Science and Engineering and Future Network of Intelligence Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090898556773358, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868233203376634, authorId=1166090898292532202, language=CN, stringName=崔曙光, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, d, address=c Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
    d School of Science and Engineering and Future Network of Intelligence Institute, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Zhaohui Yang , Mingzhe Chen , Kai-Kit Wong , H. Vincent Poor , Shuguang Cui

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Review
    The SOLIDS 6G Mobile Network Architecture: Driving Forces, Features, and Functional Topology
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authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166089798265004673, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866828983952094, authorId=1166089798122398334, language=EN, stringName=Yuhong Huang, firstName=Yuhong, middleName=null, lastName=Huang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166089798374056579, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866828983952094, authorId=1166089798122398334, language=CN, stringName=黄宇红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address= China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing 100053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Guangyi Liu , Na Li , Juan Deng , Yingying Wang , Junshuai Sun , Yuhong Huang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    Toward Wisdom-Evolutionary and Primitive-Concise 6G: A New Paradigm of Semantic Communication Networks
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    Haitao Zhao, firstName=
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    Ping Zhang , Wenjun Xu , Hui Gao , Kai Niu , Xiaodong Xu , Xiaoqi Qin , Caixia Yuan , Zhijin Qin ,
    Haitao Zhao , Jibo Wei , Fangwei Zhang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

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tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867144018125129, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166089919996289623, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867144018125129, authorId=1166089919853683285, language=EN, stringName=Bidi Ying, firstName=Bidi, middleName=null, lastName=Ying, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b Huawei Technologies Canada, Ottawa, ON K2K 3J1, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166089920105341528, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867144018125129, authorId=1166089919853683285, language=CN, stringName=Bidi Ying, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=b, address=b Huawei Technologies Canada, Ottawa, ON K2K 3J1, Canada, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Xuemin Sherman Shen , Dongxiao Liu , Cheng Huang , Liang Xue , Han Yin , Weihua Zhuang , Rob Sun , Bidi Ying

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    Joint Modulations of Electromagnetic Waves and Digital Signals on A Single Metasurface Platform to Reach Programmable Wireless Communications
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firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090800196149577, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867809553507114, authorId=1166090800032571719, language=EN, stringName=Qiang Cheng, firstName=Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=Cheng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a The State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090800321978698, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867809553507114, authorId=1166090800032571719, language=CN, stringName=程强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, 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Electronics (IHE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe 76131, Germany, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090801232142678, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867809553507114, orderNo=12, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090801395720536, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867809553507114, authorId=1166090801232142678, language=EN, stringName=Tiejun Cui, firstName=Tiejun, middleName=null, lastName=Cui, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a The State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090801517355353, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867809553507114, authorId=1166090801232142678, language=CN, stringName=崔铁军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a The State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Xiang Wan , Chaokun Xiao , He Huang , Qiang Xiao , Wei Xu , Yueheng Li , Joerg Eisenbeis , Jiawei Wang , Ziai Huang , Qiang Cheng , Shi Jin , Thomas Zwick , Tiejun Cui

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    MEC-Empowered Non-Terrestrial Network for 6G Wide-Area Time-Sensitive Internet of Things
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    b Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166091690311345083, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868880959103534, authorId=1166091690030326711, language=CN, stringName=陶晓明, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    b Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166091690412008381, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868880959103534, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166091690592363456, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868880959103534, authorId=1166091690412008381, language=EN, stringName=Ning Ge, firstName=Ning, middleName=null, lastName=Ge, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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    Chengxiao Liu , Wei Feng , Xiaoming Tao , Ning Ge

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Perspective
    Enlightenment from the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Roles of Environmental Factors in Future Public Health Emergency Response
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Kong, Hong Kong, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086904002306321, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159863410676523659, orderNo=8, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086904182661396, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159863410676523659, authorId=1166086904002306321, language=EN, stringName=John P. Giesy, firstName=John P., middleName=null, lastName=Giesy, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, d, address=c Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
    d Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086904300101909, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159863410676523659, authorId=1166086904002306321, language=CN, stringName=John P. Giesy, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, d, address=c Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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    Xiaolei Wang , Fengchang Wu , Xiaoli Zhao , Xiao Zhang , Junyu Wang , Lin Niu , Weigang Liang , Kenneth Mei Yee Leung , John P. Giesy

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    Development and Validation of a Prognostic Risk Score System for COVID-19 Inpatients: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study in China
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Paschaldis, firstName=Ioannis Ch., middleName=null, lastName=Paschaldis, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=m, address=m Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & Division of Systems Engineering & Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090913614323959, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, authorId=1166090913417191668, language=CN, stringName=Ioannis Ch. 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    d Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090914201526534, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, authorId=1166090913979228414, language=CN, stringName=Jorge Goncalves, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, d, address=c Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belval, L-4367, Luxembourg
    d Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090914289606923, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, orderNo=25, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090914394464529, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, authorId=1166090914289606923, language=EN, stringName=Qiang Zhong, firstName=Qiang, middleName=null, lastName=Zhong, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=e, address=e Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090914478350611, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, authorId=1166090914289606923, language=CN, stringName=钟强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=e, address=e Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090914562236693, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, orderNo=26, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090914667094295, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, authorId=1166090914562236693, language=EN, stringName=Li Yan, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=Yan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=e, address=e Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166090914750980376, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159868235304722957, authorId=1166090914562236693, language=CN, stringName=严丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=e, address=e Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Ye Yuan , Chuan Sun , Xiuchuan Tang , Cheng Cheng , Laurent Mombaerts , Maolin Wang , Tao Hu , Chenyu Sun , Yuqi Guo , Xiuting Li , Hui Xu , Tongxin Ren , Yang Xiao , Yaru Xiao , Hongling Zhu , Honghan Wu , Kezhi Li , Chuming Chen , Yingxia Liu , Zhichao Liang , Zhiguo Cao , Hai-Tao Zhang , Ioannis Ch. Paschaldis , Quanying Liu , Jorge Goncalves , Qiang Zhong , Li Yan

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

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    A Predictive Nomogram for Predicting Improved Clinical Outcome Probability in Patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province, China
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articleId=1159861711446532194, authorId=1166085429708644531, language=EN, stringName=Lanjuan Li, firstName=Lanjuan, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166085429905776822, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159861711446532194, authorId=1166085429708644531, language=CN, stringName=李兰娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)] Jiaojiao Xie , Ding Shi , Mingyang Bao , Xiaoyi Hu , Wenrui Wu , Jifang Sheng , Kaijin Xu , Qing Wang , Jingjing Wu , Kaicen Wang , Daiqiong Fang , Yating Li , Lanjuan Li

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

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    b Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
    c School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086483871457988, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086483988898504, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, authorId=1166086483871457988, language=EN, stringName=Li'an Hou, firstName=Li'an, middleName=null, lastName=Hou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086484072784586, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, authorId=1166086483871457988, language=CN, stringName=侯立安, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, address=a School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086484165059278, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, 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bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086484454466264, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086484622238428, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, authorId=1166086484454466264, language=EN, stringName=Linhua Zhang, firstName=Linhua, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086484710318814, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, authorId=1166086484454466264, language=CN, stringName=张林华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086484794204897, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086484911645412, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, authorId=1166086484794204897, language=EN, stringName=Wenjun Lei, firstName=Wenjun, middleName=null, lastName=Lei, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086484991337191, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862979812451159, authorId=1166086484794204897, language=CN, stringName=雷文君, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Ying Zhang , Ou Han , Angui Li , Li'an Hou , Thomas Olofsson , Linhua Zhang , Wenjun Lei

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    A General Strategy for Efficiently Constructing Multifunctional Cluster Fillers Using a Three-Fluid Nozzle Spray Drying Technique for Dental Restoration
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    b Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166089599425634979, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866789104509407, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166089599555658405, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866789104509407, authorId=1166089599425634979, language=EN, stringName=Rui-Li Wang, firstName=Rui-Li, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c State Key Laboratory for Modification of 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    b Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166089600792978104, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866789104509407, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166089600927195834, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866789104509407, authorId=1166089600792978104, language=EN, stringName=Mei-Fang Zhu, firstName=Mei-Fang, middleName=null, lastName=Zhu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166089601027859131, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159866789104509407, authorId=1166089600792978104, language=CN, stringName=朱美芳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Dan-Lei Yang , Dan Wang , Hao Niu , Rui-Li Wang , Mei Liu , Fei-Min Zhang , Jie-Xin Wang , Mei-Fang Zhu

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Review
    Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications: Turbines, Bearings, Sealing, Dams and Waterways, and Ocean Power
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    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    Double-blockchain Assisted Secure and Anonymous Data Aggregation for Fog-enabled Smart Grid
    [Author(id=1166086381433971293, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086381639492192, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086381433971293, language=EN, stringName=Siguang Chen, firstName=Siguang, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a Jiangsu Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
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    b Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086381886956131, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086382096671334, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086381886956131, language=EN, stringName=Li Yang, firstName=Li, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a Jiangsu Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
    b Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086382222500455, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086381886956131, language=CN, stringName=杨丽, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a Jiangsu Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
    b Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Communication and Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086382344135273, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086382516101739, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086382344135273, language=EN, stringName=Chuanxin Zhao, firstName=Chuanxin, middleName=null, lastName=Zhao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086382637736556, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086382344135273, language=CN, stringName=赵传信, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=c, address=c Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086382759371374, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086382927143536, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086382759371374, language=EN, stringName=Vijayakumar Varadarajan, firstName=Vijayakumar, middleName=null, lastName=Varadarajan, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, address=d School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086383048778353, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086382759371374, language=CN, stringName=Vijayakumar Varadarajan, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=d, address=d School of Computing Science and Engineering, VIT University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127, India, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166086383178801779, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166086383342379637, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086383178801779, language=EN, stringName=Kun Wang, firstName=Kun, middleName=null, lastName=Wang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=e, address=e Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1166086383468208758, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159862588991398184, authorId=1166086383178801779, language=CN, stringName=王堃, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=e, address=e Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Siguang Chen , Li Yang , Chuanxin Zhao , Vijayakumar Varadarajan , Kun Wang

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    Modification of NASICON Electrolyte and Its Application in Real Na-Ion Cells
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    b Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null), Author(id=1166090225282900742, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867208501355111, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1166090225450672906, tenantId=1045748351789510663, journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867208501355111, authorId=1166090225282900742, language=EN, stringName=Quan Zhou, firstName=Quan, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, e, *, address=a Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    b Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    b Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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journalId=1155139928190095384, articleId=1159867208501355111, authorId=1166090227673654062, language=EN, stringName=Liquan Chen, firstName=Liquan, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=a, b, address=a Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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    b Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    b Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    e HiNa Battery Technology Co., Ltd., Liyang 213300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=null)]
    Qiangqiang Zhang , Quan Zhou , Yaxiang Lu , Yuanjun Shao , Yuruo Qi , Xingguo Qi , Guiming Zhong , Yong Yang , Liquan Chen , Yong-Sheng Hu

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.

  • Article
    Successful production of an all-female common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) population using cyp17a1-deficient neomale carp
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    Gang Zhai , Tingting Shu , Kuangxin Chen , Qiyong Lou , Jingyi Jia , Jianfei Huang , Chuang Shi , Xia Jin , Jiangyan He , Donghuo Jiang , Xueqiao Qian , Wei Hu , Zhan Yin

    Nowadays, there has been a growing trend in the field of high-energy physics (HEP), in both its experimental and phenomenological studies, to incorporate machine learning (ML) and its specialized branch, deep learning (DL). This review paper provides a thorough illustration of these applications using different ML and DL approaches. The first part of the paper examines the basics of various particle physics types and establishes guidelines for assessing particle physics alongside the available learning models. Next, a detailed classification is provided for representing Jets that are reconstructed in high-energy collisions, mainly in proton-proton collisions at well-defined beam energies. This section covers various datasets, preprocessing techniques, and feature extraction and selection methods. The presented techniques can be applied to future hadron−hadron colliders (HHC), such as the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider−hadron−hadron (FCC-hh). The authors then explore several AI techniques analyses designed specifically for both image and point-cloud (PC) data in HEP. Additionally, a closer look is taken at the classification associated with Jet tagging in hadron collisions. In this review, various state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques in ML and DL are examined, with a focus on their implications for HEP demands. More precisely, this discussion addresses various applications in extensive detail, such as Jet tagging, Jet tracking, and particle classification. The review concludes with an analysis of the current state of HEP using DL methodologies. It highlights the challenges and potential areas for future research, which are illustrated for each application.