Through analyzing the plant production and animal production of grassland in China and comparing the grassland productivity at home and abroad, the author finds that, in the past over 30 years, the grass production of grassland declined slightly in some regions of China. Among the global animal products, 40.08% came from the world's grassland and 67.35% was from middle income countries. 24.1% of the global beef production and 31.9% of the global mutton production were supported by grassland. The grazing capacity of the grassland of low income countries was 87.4% higher than that of high income countries and 66.4% higher than that of middle income countries. However, their output of animal products respectively accounts for 37.3% and 71.9% of that of high and middle income countries. With appropriate grazing utilization, the productivity of grassland in China can reach 6.35×109 APU. The meat production from animal grazing grassland can reach 2.959×106 t, accounting for 3.5% of the national meat production and 27.4% of the national beef and mutton production. After the transformation of modernization of grassland animal husbandry, China's grassland productivity will be close to that of high income countries with a potential increase of about 50%–200%.