In today's world, the blue economy has become the focus of global marine development policymakers. The economic sector emphasizes the sustainable development of the maritime economy as well as a cooperative mode of marine resource management and environmental protection among all seafaring nations. The 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road and Economic Belt is an important platform for cooperation on the blue economy between China and countries along the Belt. Against this backdrop, this paper looks into the driving factors behind this cooperation, including national strategies, regional comparative advantage, government policies and regional environmental safety. This study also examines energy resources, marine industries, marine technologies and the marine ecological environment as key areas for cooperation between China and countries along the Belt. Last but not least, this paper proposes a market-led, land-sea integrated and intergovernmental coordination mechanism which fosters communication and mediates the interests of all sides.