In order to analyze the value of the commercial navigation through the Arctic sea routes, this paper summarizes the challenges of the utilizing the Arctic sea routes through various analytical modes, including institutional analysis and cost benefit analysis of the traditional sea routes and the Arctic sea routes. The paper proposes that the 'One Belt One Road' Strategy should develops and utilize the Arctic sea routes. These sea routes could extend the connections of the Silk Road Economic Belt and become an expansion for the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road as an important part of China's foreign trade network. Therefore, the strategic value of the Arctic sea routes should be prioritized as a key part of the 'One Belt One Road' initiative.