The sustainable development of aquaculture is important for ensuring a steady supply of aquacultural goods, which will in turn improve the food structure and increase farmers' income. This paper summarizes the implications of research on the development strategy for ecological aquaculture and a new mode of aquacultural farming and analyzes the current state of aquaculture development. It also provides a comparative analysis from international perspectives on the aforementioned subjects and the main challenge China faces at present. This paper concludes by presenting a summary of key technologies and recommendations for high efficiency and sustainable development of China's aquacultural farming industry.