The active development and utilization of saline-alkaline aquatic resources is an important measure that must be effectively expand the aquaculture industry's production capacity. In this paper, the current situation and achievements of the saline-alkaline fisheries in China are presented and the major problems faced by this sector are analyzed. Furthermore, the primary tasks associated with saline-alkaline fishery technological innovation are proposed, including resource evaluation and utilization, ecological system construction, saline-resistant breeding and cultivation, efficient and healthy aquaculture, ecological benefits evaluation and information sharing platform-building. Furthermore, a host of implementation measures and policy recommendations are put forward to promote the sustainable development of saline-alkaline fisheries based on the different roles played by the government and business sector in this project.