To improve the scientific judgment of the development strategy for China's agricultural engineering science and technology to 2035, the technology foresight method was used. This method entailed a wide collection of detailed technology foresight lists and two rounds of a questionnaire survey. Based on the survey results, which were studied and judged by specialists, overall development characteristics of agricultural engineering science and technology were confirmed, and then 12 directions for key technologies in agriculture were put forward. Furthermore, a development strategy for key technologies in agriculture was proposed in order to overcome a lack of talent and of R&D inputs in agriculture. In conclusion, technology foresight results can provide important support for creating development strategies for China's agricultural engineering science and technology to 2035.