China is a populous country and the largest producer of solid waste in the world. With limited per capita resources and much lower environmental capacity than the world average, China should even more cherish its resources and protect its environment. Solid waste is not useless; on the contrary, it is useful resources and precious wealth. The amount of China’s solid waste is continually increasing, and its improper handling wastes resources while causing problems such as environmental pollution and social instability. Therefore, due attention should be paid to ecological civilization construction in China. This paper analyzes the current situation and the development potential of solid waste resource utilization in China, and concludes that the capacity and potential benefits of classifying and resource utilization solid waste are huge. Strategic directions, strategic objectives, a development path, and policy suggestions for solid waste resource utilization in China are also proposed.