With the continuous increase in bridge service life, problems regarding the safety, durability, and maintenance management are becoming increasingly serious. Safety guarantee issues will become increasingly prominent. In this study, the current safety situation and trends in bridge structure are investigated, along with domestic and foreign scientific and technological developments. The present situation of bridges in China in the field of safety and its challenges are also discussed in this paper. The status and advantages of China’s bridge security technologies, measures, and policies, as well as the main differences between China and foreign countries are analyzed. Furthermore, policies, technologies, and measures for bridge safety and security are proposed. This paper can provide a reference for the development of a major infrastructure security plan.