The bridge deck is the most vulnerable part of a bridge during its entire life cycle. The deck pavement is often adversely affected by improper construction methods, the aging of concrete, and corrosion of steel bars. This then has an adverse effect on the structure and overall performance of the bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to determined defects related to the bridge deck and to conduct relevant quality evaluations. This article describes the mechanism, application methods, and testing equipment of four mainstream nondestructive testing technologies used worldwide: ground penetrating radar, half-cell potential, impact echo, and infrared thermography. The use of one or more of these methods can accurately assess the deterioration of the bridge deck and make a rapid, nondestructive evaluation, which provides technical support for rapid detection and accurate evaluation of the deck situation, leading to reduced structural defects and an extended bridge life cycle.