Although significant progress in the development of rail transportation infrastructure has been achieved in China, operational safety management and efficient maintenance still has numerous complicated problems to be solved, especially relating to insufficient service life. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to organize and implement a long-life security plan for railway track engineering. This paper first reviews recent achievements in the field of railway track engineering in China, and then introduces advancements in this field in developed countries. Compared to developed countries, current research into long-life safety in the field of railway track engineering in China has much room for improvement; there is the absence of a top-level design, a lack of systematic research work, and insufficient depth and breadth of research. This paper concludes by providing suggestions in terms of theoretical research, talent cultivation, intelligent information management, and performance improvement and recovery.