Presently, China is at a crucial stage, shifting from a large automobile-manufacturing and -consuming country to an automobile power. Developed countries such as European countries, the United States, and Japan have formed relatively mature automobile management systems and have an important reference for building a harmonious automobile society and a powerful nation of automobile to China. By comparing the management system of the automobile industry in China and developed countries, this paper summarizes the existing problems and defects in the management system of the Chinese automobile industry and draws lessons from the experiences of developed countries to propose that we should reform the vehicle management system, promote legalization of construction, play the role of market mechanism, strengthen strategic guidance, and encourage technological innovation.