Based on a systematic analysis of changes in quantity and quality of cultivated land in China, this paper put forward an overall strategic thinking of realizing three strategic transformations in the cultivated land management from the aspects of quantity, quality, and ecology of the cultivated land. Five important measures, including enhancing the cultivated land quantity in China, curbing undisciplined growth of construction land, improving the fertility of cultivated soil, preventing and controlling heavy metal pollution of soil, and preventing and controlling agricultural film pollution, were proposed. It was also recommended that four major projects, namely middle- and low-yield farmland reforms, comprehensive improvement of rural land, comprehensive reparation of heavy metal pollution of soil, and soil and water conservation, sand prevention, and saline soil improvement, should be implemented as soon as possible.