The imbalance between supply and demand in terms of talent cultivation scale, structure, and quality is one of the key issues facing the cultivation of medical personnel in China. The supply of medical talents in China cannot meet the growing demand for health, the quality of personnel training is uneven, and the talent supply structure does not match social needs. Through the research and discussion on the forms and contents of medical education in the United States and the United Kingdom, this paper proposes the enlightenment on how to maintain the balance between supply and demand of medical education in China and how to improve the efficiency of medical training. It is suggested to gradually establish a talent supply and demand balance mechanism where the number and structure of post-graduate education posts determines the enrollment scale and structure of medical colleges and universities, and establish a dynamic monitoring and early warning mechanism for the demand for medical talents. Furthermore, medical personnel training requires cross-departmental macro-coordination and regulation, and quality requirements such as a high threshold for doctors should be set to limit the cultivation scale of medical talents.