As a type of new energy vehicle, fuel cell vehicle has attracted increasing attention because of its long driving distance, high power performance, fast fuel filling, and compatibility with renewable energies. Fuel cell stack is the core of a fuel cell vehicle, and specific power indicates the technical level of a fuel cell stack. Using a high-specific-power fuel cell stack technology, the number of stack hardware can be reduced, so the cost of stacks can be significantly lowered. The most advanced fuel cell stack can provide high power in a limited vehicular space owing to its high specific power. However, the specific power of stacks in China still lags behind the advanced level in the world. In this paper, the technical approaches to improving the specific power of the fuel cell stack are discussed, from the aspects of highly active catalyst, enhanced composite proton exchange membrane, high disturbance flow field, conductive and corrosion-resistant thin-metal bipolar plates, as well as assembly and consistency of stacks. Based on the accumulation of theories and from practices, the relevance between the activation/ohmic/mass transfer polarization of fuel cells and materials/components/assembly is analyzed, which provides a reference for further improving the performance and specific power of fuel cell stacks.