Based on comprehensive research results of the major consulting project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering “Research on Several Issues on Ecological Civilization Construction (Phase III)”, we evaluated the development level and dynamic changes of China's ecological civilization progress in 2017. Focusing on regional imbalance of ecological civilization development in China, we selected several typical areas as the research objects, including Eastern China, Central China, ecological fragile region in Western China, and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. We then summarized and analyzed the regional differences and prominent problems in the development of ecological civilization in China from the aspects of integrated and comprehensive improvement of urban agglomeration environment, ecological protection and green development of key zones for development, coordinated development of ecological resources and assets in ecological fragile regions, and value realization of ecological products in developed regions. Furthermore, relevant countermeasures and strategy for the coordinated development of ecological civilization in China is proposed, thus to provide strategic suggestions for the macro decision-making of the development of ecological civilization in China in the new era.