This study discusses marine rights protection from the perspective of game theory. It introduces the role of marine rights protection in handling marine disputes, as well as the nature, direction, and elements of the game in China’s marine rights protection. Currently, to minimize marine disputes through the game theory and pursue joint governance accord with China’s national interest. To this end, this study categorizes marine rights protection into three basic game processes, i.e., entry to disputed sea areas, cross-border operation by fishing boats, and non-cooperative fishing, and then conducts corresponding game analysis to determine the key directions for building the marine right protection force of China. It is concluded that improving technological means for marine rights protection can effectively change the game revenue and achieve a beneficial game equilibrium. In particular, the development of technologies for high-tech interference, underwater protection, marine wide-area surveillance, and remote sea fishery development can assist China to gain an advantageous position in repeated game processes.