This paper proposes the concept of industrial system maturity level, and introduces a new factor, namely, industry security and controllability level (ISCL), which further comprises the autonomous and controllable ability and the industry leading ability. Corresponding assessment criteria and model are also constructed. This method takes into account whether the supply of industrial elements such as technology, equipment, capital, and products are independent. The assessment results can reflect the basic state of a country’s ISCL. In response to the urgent need for macro-research on China’s strategic emerging industries, this study assessed and analyzed the industrial system maturity levels of 25 emerging industry directions. It shows that, among the 25 directions, the industrial systems of only few industrial directions have entered into a developing or mature stage, and most industrial directions got unsatisfactory assessment results for their ISCLs. Specifically, only the industrial system of the battery electric vehicle industry is in the mature stage and has a high ISCL. The ISCLs of light-weight augmented reality display module, biomedical bioreactor and complete equipment, and emergency vaccine research and preparation, are relatively low; and the autonomous and controllable ability as well as the industry leading ability of these three industrial directions are weak. Many emerging industries in China have prominent shortcomings in the ISCL. In the process of accelerating the construction of an independent and controllable modern industrial system, attention should be paid to improving the domestic capital’s control over the core technologies, raw materials, standards, brand, and other elements.