The next 10 to15 years will be a key period for China to accelerate the cultivation and development of emerging industries. The development of green and low-carbon industries, an important task of China’s ecological civilization construction, will face an important period of opportunity. The green and low-carbon emerging industry is represented by emerging energy technologies, energy conservation and environment protection, and new energy vehicles; and there are significate differences in the technical characteristics, scale, and development degree of each subsector. Therefore, research on the corresponding maturity evaluation method is urgently needed. This study first summarizes the basic theory and general method for industry maturity evaluation, then defines the category and definition of green and low-carbon industries, and identifies the characteristics of high-quality development of related industries. Meanwhile, the maturity evaluation model and index system of the green and low-carbon industries are proposed and the calculation method of the industry maturity levels is presented. Moreover, application of the maturity evaluation method of the green and lowcarbon industries is studied, using the biomass cogeneration industry as an example. The analysis shows that this industry is relatively mature, but the development of market maturity level is slower than the progress of engineering science and technology. Furthermore, we suggest that an annual evaluation mechanism for the maturity level of the green and low-carbon industries should be formed, an authoritative institution for publishing the development information of these industries should be established, and the database construction and objective evaluation of China’s emerging industries should be strengthened.