This paper expounds upon the economic function definition of China Railway Express in the new era and sorts out its current operating situation and major risks and challenges. The main influencing factors of China Railway Express toward high-quality development are analyzed, such as the trade environment and infrastructure construction along the line, international multilateral communication and cooperation, goods supply support and logistics service level, as well as market-oriented operation. The practice of China Railway Express toward high-quality development is deeply explored based on win–win co-construction, and three development paths are presented: to develop in the direction of growing support from hinterland areas, increasing importance of hubs and nodes, and improving route network; to implement the comprehensive development strategy of “train transportation + logistics hub construction+ supporting service capacity” ; and to build a multi-value chain of international trade, industrial upgrading, and financial services. Finally, this paper proposes safeguard measures from four aspects, namely strengthening coordination and cooperation and actively promoting customs clearance convenience; optimizing transportation organization and providing whole-process logistics services; improving price mechanism to attract multi-channel capital investment; promoting platform construction and strengthening talents as well as scientific and technological innovation, in order to provide reference for the boosting of the high-quality development of China Railway Express.