Energy revolution is important for realizing the coordinated development of energy system, economic society, and ecological environment. Energy strategies significantly influence the process of national and regional energy revolutions. In this article, we propose a systemic analysis method for energy strategies called SEGO (i.e., sustainable development, energy system, governance of society, and operation of market). Based on this, the global energy transition and China’s energy revolution strategy are analyzed from four aspects: energy challenge, energy system, energy governance, and energy market as well as their relationship. The results show that the world faces multiple energy challenges regarding energy equity, energy security, and green energy. Meanwhile, lack of strong energy governance has led to a low progress of the global energy transition. China is expected to play a more active role in promoting global energy transition. Although China has achieved less energy consumption and less emissions in its development, it still faces severe challenges in multiple aspects such as energy system integration. China should focus on the overall optimization and fine management of its energy system while considering economic development and ecological protection. The co-construction, sharing, and co-adjustment should be further coordinated among different types of energy networks. Moreover, disruptive innovation in new energy technologies and industries should be encouraged.