China’s construction industry has maintained a strong momentum of development these years; however, it still requires improvement in terms of efficiency, quality, safety, and environment protection. China’s construction industry is expected to be transformed and upgraded through digital science and technology innovation, thereby achieving high-quality development. Research methods used in this study include literature review, expert interview, and questionnaire survey. In this article, we first summarize the relationship between digital technology and construction industry transformation and analyze the development status of digital science and technology innovation in the construction industry. Subsequently, we summarize the ecological elements that drive the digital science and technology innovation of the construction industry from the perspectives of government departments, participating organizations, and market environment. Furthermore, we propose strategic paths to drive the high-quality development of the construction industry by means of digital science and technology innovation. This study is expected to provide policy recommendations and an implementation framework for the high-quality development of the industry.