The cruise industry is an important driving force for China’s economic supply-side reforms during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The construction of a large cruise ship is a complex, customized, and giant project, and it is the only high-tech ship product that remains to be conquered in China. This study focuses on the final assembly construction and industrial development of domestic cruise ships and summarizes the final assembly practice of China’s first large cruise ship on the basis of studying the construction modes of European large cruise ships and considering the characteristics of Chinese ship construction. We summarize the frontier progress and engineering experiences of cruise construction from the aspects of overall layout, technical ability, supply chain capability, and key technologies; analyze the effects of management ability construction from the aspects of cruise project organization, project command, and technological and constructing features; and prospect the industry development directions for cruise ship building in terms of operating ability, production ability, service ability, and production–education–research integration. This study aims to establish a final assembly construction system of cruise ships with Chinese characteristics to ensure the high-quality construction and successful delivery of China’s first domestic cruise ship.