Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, excellent fuel adaptability, hightemperature waste heat recovery and so on. It is the most cutting-edge fuel cell technology and has promising application prospects in fields such as large-scale power generation, distributed power generation, combined heat and power generation, transportation, and energy storage. The SOFC technology uses hydrogen and carbon-based fuels and thus can help promote the supply-side reform of China’s energy sector, promote energy technology revolution, and lay a technological foundation for realizing carbon peak and carbon neutralization. This study analyzed the current status of SOFC industry in China and abroad, and discussed the challenges, development ideas, and key tasks for developing the SOFC industry of China. Specifically, China needs to improve its institutional system and the top-level design for SOFC technology and industry development, strengthen fiscal, taxation, and financial support for the industry, and encourage independent technological innovation. Moreover, it is imperative to improve the standards system to form technical standards with independent intellectual property rights, strengthen personnel training, and deepen international exchanges and cooperation. This study is expected to provide guidance for the large-scale and commercial development of China’s SOFC industry in the future.