The concept of disaster prevention and mitigation is vital for the safe development of urban underground space. Considering the coexistence of natural and engineering safety risks, the concept needs to be improved for further development of the urban underground space, and it is imperative to follow a disaster-adaptation-oriented concept that emphasizes post-disaster recovery resilience of the urban underground space. This study analyzes the implications and influencing factors of recovery resilience and summarizes the research on recovery resilience from the engineering and non-engineering perspectives. Moreover, the development status of recovery resilience research is analyzed from the aspects of structural system, evaluation method, management mechanism, space planning, and emergency plan. On this basis, a strategy that consists of three stages and an evaluation system is proposed; it categorizes post-disaster recovery into three stages—emergency rescue, recovery, and plan adaptation—and proposes recovery goals for each stage, providing a basis for the establishment of a recovery resilience evaluation system for the urban underground space. Furthermore, we suggest that the management regulations and emergency plans of the urban underground space should be optimized, the resilience planning improved, and intelligent management promoted, thereby realizing the orderliness and high efficiency of urban underground space recovery.