Against the background of strengthening the marine industry, China's marine resource development activities have gradually extended to the deep sea. However, due to harsh geological conditions, major submarine geological hazards pose constraints on marine resource development and engineering. It is necessary to comprehensively understand the typical characteristics and causal laws of submarine geological hazards and summarize the monitoring techniques and methods for typical submarine geological hazards. This study provides an overview of the research history of submarine geological hazards and their monitoring. It summarizes the common types and characteristics of submarine geological hazards, and reviews the research on the mechanisms of submarine geological hazard evolution as well as the progress in monitoring techniques and networks for submarine geological hazards. The study suggests that it is important to improve the evaluation theory and methods of submarine geological hazards in circumcontinental shelf basins, strengthen the study of disaster mechanisms and prediction for these hazards, and conduct research on detection and monitoring methods and precursory identification of submarine geological hazards to enhance our understanding of key scientific issues. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need to establish a comprehensive database of submarine geological hazards in the circumcontinental shelf basins, create a detailed information repository of submarine resource distribution and engineering facilities in the South China Sea's circumcontinental shelf area, develop visualization and simulation techniques for the dynamic evolution process of submarine geological hazards, and construct a multi-level and multi-hazard cooperative monitoring system and early warning network for submarine geological hazards, aiming to overcome key technological bottlenecks.