Public goods for the global ocean sustainable development (GOSD) are key to promoting the sustainable development of oceans globally. To understand the utilization and protection status of global ocean resources as well as the international cooperation and trend regarding GOSD, this study summarizes the current status and development trends of the GOSD public goods in China and abroad, analyzes the major scientific and technological problems and challenges faced by China in related fields, and proposes the development priorities of the GOSD public goods in terms of engineering technologies. Furthermore, it proposes that China should boost its comprehensive strength in ocean science and technology by establishing an effective mechanism for ocean observation and data sharing and enhance international cooperation and strategic planning to promote its international influence in the field of GOSD public goods.