In the context of global joint response to climate change, the air transport industry faces great pressure on carbon emission reduction. Carbon reduction in design and manufacturing of civil aircraft products is the core approach to realizing net zero emission in the aviation industry. Conducting research on green and low-carbon development of the aviation manufacturing industry is crucial for the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization of China’s air transport industry. This study analyzes the demand for low-carbon development from three aspects: satisfying the future mandatory standards for carbon emissions, developing new energy technologies, and promoting sustainable development of the aviation industry. The current status of design, material application, and manufacturing of civil aircraft products in China and abroad is investigated. Major problems faced by the industry is examined. This study focuses on improving the environmental protection competitiveness of civil aircraft products and reducing energy consumption during manufacturing, and proposes the carbon reduction potentials and staged goals for major technologies in the aviation manufacturing industry. The development routes are proposed from three technical aspects: green design, materials, and manufacturing of aircrafts. Furthermore, regulatory measures are proposed from the aspects of top-level planning, advanced technology research and development, industrial chain coordination, and carbon compensation and trading.