As a new economic form, the digital economy has become a crucial driver of economic growth. The relationship between the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) and the digital economy is characterized by mutual promotion and dependence, with significant value in key technology research and intense international competition. This study systematically reviews the principles and current development status of key 6G technologies from three dimensions: 6G wireless technology, network technology, and security technology. It evaluates China’s global competitiveness in these key technology directions, specifically including wireless artificial intelligence (AI), massive MIMO technology, terahertz communication, intelligent reflecting surfaces, integrated sensing and communication, distributed networking, space−air−ground integrated networks, AI‑native networks, computing power networks, physical layer security, network layer security, and data security and privacy protection. The study strongly recommends expediting the industrialization of pivotal technologies such as 6G wireless, networking, and security. This urgency is aimed at facilitating a groundbreaking advancement in 6G network capabilities to meet the evolving demands of future businesses. The emphasis is on safeguarding innovation, providing robust industry support, amplifying domestic demand, and ensuring a steady supply of skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is crucial to endorse the creation of an innovative ecosystem, which will serve as the cornerstone for the sustainable development of the 6G industry. To achieve these goals, the research suggests close collaboration with the global telecommunications industry, active participation in the formulation of international standards for 6G, and collective efforts to propel the industrialization of 6G technology.