Efficiently connecting various freight transport modes, such as highway, railway, and waterway, is crucial for the development of multimodal transport. The foundation for achieving the connection of various transport modes lies in the common key technologies for multimodal transport connection. Therefore, establishing a comprehensive system of common key technologies for multimodal transport connection can facilitate the high-quality development of multimodal transport. This study analyzes the current status of multimodal transport both in China and abroad, identifies the bottlenecks and technical breakthroughs of multimodal transport development in China, and proposes a system framework for common key technologies regarding multimodal transport connection. The framework consists of six major modules: basic network, transportation tools, data information, transportation organization, standards and specifications, and hub layout. Furthermore, development suggestions are proposed from five aspects. First, the top-level design should be improved to provide guidance for the development of multimodal transport. Second, the digitalization of multimodal transport should be accelerated to lay a solid technical foundation. Third, the construction of the standards system for multimodal transport should be promoted to break down scale barriers. Fourth, support policies should be formulated to ensure the economic foundation. Fifth, coordination mechanisms should be improved to facilitate the management of multimodal transport connections.