The design and simulation methods of composite components are vital to the performance and application research of composite materials. Research pertaining to composite component design and simulation systems begins late in China and confronts many risks， including inadequate theoretical levels， lack of independent standards， weak foundation of simulation software， and segregation between design and manufacture. Therefore， the large-scale application of composite components in major equipment can hardly be realized. Considering the problems and challenges， this study analyzes the macro demand for composite component design theory and simulation technique， summarizes the development status and main trends in China and abroad， and proposes the key directions in China： design theory of composite components under extreme and multi-field environment， dynamic analysis and design theory of composite components， data-driven simulation method of composite components， and simulation evaluation method of strength and life of composite components. We suggest that research should be conducted on multi-field and multi-scale design technology of composite components for equipment engineering applications， performance design technology of composite components under dynamic load， data-driven design and simulation technology of composite components， and strength and lifespan simulation software platform of composite components， thereby comprehensively improving the design and engineering application level of composite components in China.