As an important component of inorganic non-metallic materials, functional glass materials mainly include electronic information glass, new energy glass, and special glass. They are the basic supporting materials for strategic emerging industries such as information display, semiconductors, new energy, deep sea, and deep space, and have become the cornerstone for the construction of an intelligent and low-carbon society in China. In recent years, China has made a series of major achievements in the field of functional glass. However, there are still problems such as prominent shortcomings of key materials, tracking research and development, decentralized innovation resources, and insufficient systematic development. In a systematic way, this study focuses on the key material technologies, industry, supports, and other systematic development elements in the field of electronic information glass, new energy glass, and special glass, and summarizes the development status of functional glass in leading countries worldwide. Considering the basic development condition of China, this study summarizes the major challenges, explores the near-, medium-, and long-term development goals, and proposes the key development directions of key functional glass materials in China. Specific suggestions include: (1) strengthening the capability to guarantee key raw materials, forming a strong support for the sustainable development of the industry; (2) accelerating the rolling planning of innovations in key functional glass materials; (3) enhancing policy support; and (4) promoting the low-carbon and digital development of key functional glass materials.