Under the circumstances of severe population aging as well as prevalent and complex health problems among older adults, applying artificial intelligence technologies to promote the development of intelligent medical care for older adults has become a significant trend. This study focuses on the application of vocal biomarkers in intelligent medical care for older adults. It summarizes the typical applications of vocal biomarkers in medical care, international development support for vocal biomarker application, and challenges faced by the research and application of vocal biomarkers in China. It also proposes key research directions for vocal biomarkers in the field of intelligent medical care, including (1) clarifying and establishing an indicator system for vocal biomarkers of older adult; (2) developing equipment and tools for vocal biomarkers and formulating relevant research standards; (3) deepening basic research on the mechanisms by which vocal characteristics and vocal biomarkers are associated with health outcomes of older adults; (4) strengthening research on prediction models of health outcomes related to vocal biomarkers; (5) promoting the research and application of vocal biomarkers in assisting disease diagnosis and clinical decision-making; and (6) establishing a large population cohort and data platform for vocal biomarkers. Furthermore, the following development recommendations are proposed: (1) encouraging legal research and industry standards formulation related to vocal biomarkers, (2) focusing on the construction of interdisciplinary teams, (3) promoting data sharing while ensuring data security, and (4) optimizing the management of the large population cohort and data platform for vocal biomarkers. This study is expected to provide a basic reference for the technology exploration, application research, and industrial upgrading of vocal biomarkers in the field of intelligent medical care for older adults.