The growing complexity of global health challenges and the increasing frequency of public health emergencies have highlighted the fragility of current health systems, which often struggle to address evolving population health needs and public health challenges. This study aims to construct a resilient health system framework tailored to China's context, drawing on a comprehensive review of existing international frameworks and an analysis of health system development trends. Anchored in the core concept of universal health, this framework defines the principles and foundational elements of a resilient health system, outlining key components and actionable strategies for its development. Integrating the strengths of internationally recognized frameworks, the proposed framework emphasizes multi-sectoral collaboration and health promotion, offering theoretical guidance for enhancing health security and public health governance. Key aspects of this framework include the deep integration of public health and healthcare systems, coordinated medical and preventive services, and cross-sectoral collaboration. Additionally, the framework promotes the "Health in All Policies" approach, aiming to improve the overall efficiency of the health system and strengthen the capacity to respond to public health emergencies.