The coastal blue-carbon ecosystems have become the most promising ecological pathways to increasing carbon sinks and achieving carbon neutrality. In recent years, significant achievements have been obtained in ecological environment management and ecosystem protection and restoration in China. However, the protection and restoration model of coastal blue-carbon ecosystems and the value transformation and realization of blue-carbon resources still need to be optimized. This study summarizes and analyzes the current distribution and changes of mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass beds in China. Subsequently, it elaborates on the problems regarding the understanding of coastal blue-carbon ecosystems, scientific and systematic nature of blue-carbon ecosystem protection and restoration, and management system and value realization of blue-carbon resources, from the aspects of coastal blue-carbon resources, ecosystem protection and restoration, blue-carbon resource values, and blue-carbon trading market. Furthermore, we propose to improve the understanding of coastal blue-carbon ecosystems, strengthen green and sustainable protection and restoration models, and develop refined management and trading systems for blue-carbon resources. This study is expected to provide theoretical guidance and decision-making support for the conservation and restoration of coastal blue-carbon ecosystems in China.