The construction of well-facilitated farmland is crucial for ensuring national food security and building a higher-level national granary. In recent years, the scale of well-facilitated farmland in China has rapidly increased, the supporting level of farmland infrastructure has significantly improved, and remarkable results have been achieved in increasing grain production and stability, conserving water to increase efficiency, and preventing and reducing disasters. However, affected by factors such as heavy construction tasks, significant regional differences, and insufficient investment per unit area, the quality of construction faces severe challenges. Problems such as simplified planning and design, formalized project acceptance, and inadequate post-construction management are prominent, necessitating the improvement in institutional mechanisms for well-facilitated farmland and the strengthening of whole-process supervision from construction and acceptance to management and maintenance. This study summarizes the institutional framework and local practical experiences of well-facilitated farmland in China. Based on typical surveys in different regions, it identifies key problems such as blind site selection in planning, insufficient preliminary preparation and feasibility studies for design, imperfect post-construction management mechanisms, a lack of engineering and technical talent support, and absence of legal safeguards. It is urgently necessary to accelerate the construction of institutional mechanisms for well-facilitated farmland from a holistic perspective and build an efficient and sustainable construction system. To this end, we propose the following countermeasures: (1) building a higher-level ecological national granary in the new era by comprehensively planning water and soil resource endowments and construction layout; (2) formulating full-process project management standards for preliminary demonstration, competitive entry into the project pool, third-party evaluation, and cross-verification; (3) establishing a government-led, multi-party invested professional grid management and maintenance system by setting up special management and maintenance funds shared by the central and local governments; (4) cultivating specialized engineering and technical personnel to build a multi-level technical service system; and (5) promoting the legislation of Regulations on Well-Facilitated Farmland Construction to provide legal safeguards for strengthening departmental coordination and responsibility implementation.