The domestic waste treatment sector is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and mitigating GHG emissions from this sector is urgent for achieving sustainable development. Conventional domestic waste treatment technologies, including landfilling, incineration, aerobic composting, and anaerobic digestion, generate GHGs to varying degrees, exerting a significant impact on climate change. This study reviews the current research status on GHG emissions within the domestic waste treatment sector from two key perspectives: treatment technologies and systems. It summarizes GHG emission accounting research results and identifies major challenges, including insufficient data acquisition, unclear accounting boundaries, lack of methodological consistency, and limited spatiotemporal resolution, which result in low comparability and restricted applicability among different research outcomes. To address these issues, this study proposes future research directions: strengthening the collection of basic data on waste characteristics and process parameters, promoting the standardization of GHG emission accounting frameworks, enhancing the spatiotemporal resolution of GHG emission accounting, and improving the integration of accounting results into system optimization and policy-making. This study provides theoretical and methodological support as well as a scientific decision-making foundation for the precise accounting of GHG emissions, standardization of accounting systems, and GHG reduction management within the domestic waste treatment sector, and contributes to the low-carbon transformation of the waste treatment sector.