New energy sources represented by wind and solar power are gradually reshaping China's energy consumption structure and driving the transition of China's energy system toward a green and low-carbon orientation. This transformation accelerates the formation of a regionally coordinated development pattern within the new energy industry, which is of great significance for ensuring national energy security and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals. Based on a systematic analysis of the intrinsic requirements for regional coordination in China's new energy industry, this study identifies the current situation and major challenges of regional collaboration, and proposes targeted development pathways and key measures. The findings indicate that the regional collaborative development of China's new energy industry faces multiple challenges, including spatial mismatches between energy resource supply and demand, spatial fragmentation along the upstream and downstream segments of the industrial chain, and intensified international energy competition. Moreover, significant challenges remain in the construction of basic and supporting projects as well as market systems that underpin the integrated development of "generation–grid–load–storage–data". To address these challenges, this study adopts a systems-thinking framework featuring "full-chain integration, full-space linkage, and whole-process optimization," and proposes a coordinated development pathway focusing on intra-regional optimization and inter-regional collaboration. The research highlights four key directions for technological breakthroughs—resource development, power transmission and dispatching, demand response, and market transactions—and promotes innovative integration and demonstration of "generation–grid–load–storage–data" systems. Policy recommendations include: promoting the rational layout of large-scale wind and solar power bases according to local conditions; strengthening coordination across inter-regional, provincial, and local grid dispatching; enhancing the intelligence and normalization of demand response mechanisms; and improving market connectivity throughout the entire "design–operation–certification" process. These recommendations provide strategic insights and practical guidance for advancing the regionally coordinated and high-quality development of China's new energy industry.