Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals as well as the accelerated development of new quality productive forces, the supply-demand tension of critical metals has become increasingly pronounced. As a strategic successor resource, deep-sea polymetallic nodules are entering a pivotal transition from pilot trials to commercial exploitation. However, seabed collection equipment still faces significant technical bottlenecks in long-duration continuous operation, collection efficiency, adaptability to complex environments, and low-disturbance control, which have become key obstacles restricting the commercial development of deep-sea polymetallic nodules in China. This study focuses on the emerging development needs of key seabed collection technologies for the commercialization of deep-sea mining and, centering on tracked seabed mining vehicles, conducts a systematic review across four core dimensions: mobility theory and methods for mining vehicles, operational path planning, high-efficiency nodule collection technologies, and seabed disturbance mechanisms with low-impact control. Moreover, considering the multiple technical demands of commercial development for production scale, adaptability to complex seabed conditions, long-duration continuous operation, and ecological compliance, the study identifies the key technical obstacles that hinder commercial deployment. Four priority research directions are further proposed: long-duration continuous locomotion technologies for mining vehicles, graded assessment of mining areas with long-duration continuous collection planning, efficient and low-energy continuous harvesting under complex seabed topography, and mechanistic understanding of sediment bonding-disaggregation coupled with low-disturbance mining strategies. This study aims to clarify the core technological targets for deep-sea polymetallic nodule seabed collection and to provide guidance for establishing an independent and controllable technical system tailored to commercial needs, thereby laying the foundation for the large-scale, economically viable, and environmentally responsible development of deep-sea polymetallic nodules in China and offering important practical significance for safeguarding national strategic resource security.