The hilly and mountainous regions of southern China are important agricultural production regions. However, the traditional agricultural model faces challenges such as low efficiency and sustainable development owing to terrain fragmentation, ecological vulnerability, and labor outflow. This study explores the intrinsic needs and application practices of integrating agricultural machinery and agronomic practices in these regions. It focuses on analyzing key technologies and promotion pathways for the integrated development of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and proposes future development directions to provide systematic solutions for regional agricultural modernization. At the technical level, the study constructs a technology system centered on the coordination and adaptation of "land‒machinery‒agronomy". This system is implemented through differentiated equipment configurations and technological lineages, with the goal of intelligently coupling service demand and enabling appropriately scaled operations. It is driven by the integrated application of green, information-based, and aging-friendly technologies. In terms of promoting pathways, this study proposes to strengthen top-level design, enhance scientific and technological innovation capabilities, expand demonstration and application efforts, and innovate support and guarantee mechanisms. These measures are intended to collectively advance the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in the hilly and mountainous regions of southern China. The study suggests that future development will evolve toward multiple dimensions, including the convergence of systematic integration with the low-altitude economy, digital and intelligent transformation, customized leasing models, and green and smart agricultural development.