Forest conservation and sustainable management serve as crucial pillars for ecol-civilization. By scientific management, technological empowerment, and institutional innovation, forest resources can be transformed into an ecological engine driving high-quality economic development. This is also a practical necessity for forest ecology conservation and the high-quality development of China's forestry sector. This study identifies the implications of synergistic forest conservation and sustainable management, analyzes the fundamental characteristics of forest conservation and management in China, and elucidates several challenges such as structural contradictions and systemic issues in forest management, compound threats to wildlife protection, multiple pressures on forestry pest control, intensified wildfire prevention due to extreme weather and management constraints, institutional barriers and path obstacles in forestry heritage protection, and coexistence of technological constraints and practical bottlenecks in the development of advanced forestry technologies. To address these challenges, six key strategies are proposed: (1) promoting the coordinated development of forest management theories, technologies, and institutions to establish a modern system for precise forest quality improvement; (2) building multi-level ecological corridors and protection networks based on the ecological connectivity theory; (3) establishing an ecological pest-control system to strengthen biosecurity in agriculture and forestry; (4) integrating intelligent fire prevention with closed-loop defense strategies to enhance the wildfire prevention system; (5) formulating a tiered protection and multidimensional collaborative management mechanism to innovate scientific conservation and value development in forestry heritages; and (6) integrating full-factor sensing with artificial intelligence decision-making models to construct an intelligent monitoring system for forest resources. These measures aim to build a modern forest conservation and sustainable management system with Chinese characteristics.