As major global consumers and producers of mineral resources, China and Russia possess distinct complementary advantages and significant potentials for cooperation. The Russian Far East is a core region for mineral resource enrichment and has significant geographic advantages, making it a vital potential source of mineral resources for China. Consequently, it is imperative to strengthen forward-looking research on China‒Russia cooperation regarding the development of mineral resources in this region. Based on field research, literature reviews, and questionnaire surveys, this study outlines the current status and potentials of mineral resource development in the Russian Far East, identifies opportunities for China‒Russian cooperation in exploiting these resources, clarifies the current status of collaborative efforts between China and Russia in this sector, and examines the potential constraints on such cooperation, including harsh climatic conditions, underdeveloped infrastructure, labor shortages, policy instability, and geographic factors that introduce uncertainty into collaborative endeavors. Furthermore, the study proposes a strategic framework for China‒Russia cooperation in developing the mineral resources in the Russian Far East. This framework, targeting specific key minerals and regions, entails implementing a strategic layout for industrial cooperation that encompasses integrated industrial parks for the mining, beneficiation, and smelting of bulk mineral resources; regional refining enterprises and cross-border processing bases; integrated mining and beneficiation industrial parks oriented primarily toward the export of raw products; and industrial clusters for the supply of machinery equipment and raw materials. Furthermore, collaborative development measures are proposed, including establishing dedicated cooperation mechanisms for mineral resources, creating specialized administrative bodies for mineral investment affairs, fostering collaboration in science, technology, and education, establishing financing platforms and exclusive settlement channels, and developing information service platforms for mineral resources. These measures aim to deepen and solidify China‒Russia cooperation in the mineral resource sector within the Russian Far East.